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Mention the substances that exit from th...

Mention the substances that exit from the tubules in order to maintain a concentration gradient in the medullary interstitium.

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The concentration gradient in medullary interstitium is extablished primarily by renal tubules of loop of Henle and the blood vessels surrounding them (vasa recta) in a process called countercurrent exchange.
The substances that exit from tubules for maintenance of such gradient are mainly sodium chloride (Nacl), water and urea (contaning `H^(+),K^(+)` and `NH_(3)^(+)`) .
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Name the two osmolytes which maintain the osmolarity gradient in the medullary interstitium.

Assertion :- Human kidneys can produce urine nearly four times concentrated than the initial filtrate formed. Reason :- Counter current mechanism helps to maintain a concentration gradient in the medullary interstitium.

Knowledge Check

  • The type of diffusion in which substances move across the membrane along their concentration gradient in the presence of certain carriers or transport proteins is called as

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    simple diffusion
    B
    facilitated diffusion
    C
    osmosis
    D
    active transport.

  • Movement of molecules of a substance from their higher concentration to lower concentration when they are in direct contact.

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