State and explain the "law of independent assortment" in a typical Mendelian dihybrid cross.

Explanation

### Solution:

The "Law of Independent Assortment" is one of the fundamental principles of genetics proposed by Gregor Mendel. It states that alleles for different traits segregate independently of one another during the formation of gametes. This means that the inheritance of one trait will not affect the inheritance of another trait.

#### Explanation in the Context of a Dihybrid Cross:

1. **Definition of Dihybrid Cross**: A dihybrid cross involves two traits, each represented by two alleles. For example, consider two traits: seed shape (Round - R, Wrinkled - r) and seed color (Yellow - Y, Green - y).

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