(a) Taking one example each of habitat loss and fragmentation, explain how are the two responsible for biodiversity loss.
(b) Explain two different ways of biodiversity conservation.

Explanation

(a) (i) When large-sized habitats are broken or fragmented due to human settlements, building of mads, digging of canals, etc. animals requiring large territories and some animals with migratory habitats are badly affected.
(ii) The Amazon rain forest (called the “lungs of the planet”) is being cut and cleared for cultivation of soya beans or for conversion intq grasslands for raising beef cattle.
(b) There are two basic approaches for conservation of biodiversity.
(i) ‘In-situ’ Conservation (on site conservation)
(ii) ‘Ex-situ’ conservation (off site conservation)
In-Situ Conservation : It is conservation and protection of biodiversity in its natural habitat.
(ii) It helps in recovering population in the surroundings where' they have developed their distinctive features.
Example : national parks, biosphere reserves, wildlife sanctuaries.
Ex-Situ Conservation : It is conservation of selected rare plants and animals in places outside their natural habitat.
(ii) It helps in recovering population or preventing their extinction under conditions that closely resemble their natural habitats.
Examples :botanical gardens, zoological parks, Wildlife safari, gene banks, etc.