Why is making cells competent essential for biotechnology experiments?
List any two ways by which this can be achieved.

Explanation

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Competence in Cells**:
- Competence refers to the ability of a cell to take up foreign DNA from its environment. This is crucial in biotechnology experiments where we aim to introduce specific genes into host cells for genetic engineering.

2. **Importance of Making Cells Competent**:
- Making cells competent is essential because DNA is a hydrophilic molecule, which means it does not easily pass through the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. By increasing the efficiency of DNA uptake, we enhance the chances of successful genetic transformation.

...