What are eddy currents ? Discuss brifly any two applications of eddy currents.

Explanation

### Step-by-Step Solution:

**Step 1: Definition of Eddy Currents**
Eddy currents are loops of electric current that are induced within conductors by a changing magnetic field. According to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, when a conductor experiences a change in magnetic flux, an electromotive force (EMF) is generated, leading to the flow of electric current within the conductor. The direction of these induced currents is determined by Lenz's law, which states that the induced current will flow in a direction that opposes the change in magnetic flux.

**Step 2: Characteristics of Eddy Currents**
Eddy currents can produce significant amounts of heat due to Joule's heating effect, which occurs when electric current flows through a conductor and generates heat. This heat can be substantial enough to raise the temperature of the conductor, sometimes to the point of becoming red hot.

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