(a) IUDs are said to be effective contraceptives. Name any two commonly used IUDs and write the mode of their actions. (b) When is sterilisation advised to married couples? How is it carried out in a human male and a female, respectively?

Name any two copper releasing IUD's. State how they act as a contraceptive

List any two types of IUDs that are available for human females and state their mode of action.

(a) Name any two copper releasing IUDs. (b) Explain how do they act as effective contraceptives in human famales .

(a) Name any two copper releasing IUDs. (b) Explain how do they act as effective contraceptives in human famales .

Answer question numbers 4(a)-4 (d) on the basis of your understanding of the following paragraph and the related studied concepts: India today is facing the problem of overuse of resources, contamination of water and soil and lack of methods of processing the waste.The time has come for the world to say goodbye to "single-use plastics".steps must be undertaken to develop environment-friendly substitutes, effective plastic waste collection and methods of its disposal. Indore treated 15 lakh metric tonnes of waste in just 3 years,through biomining and bioremediation techniques.Bioremediation involves introducing microbes into landfill to naturally 'break' it down and biomining involves using trommel machines to shift through the waste to separate the 'soil' and the waste component.The city managed to chip away 15 lakh metric tonnes of waste at a cost of around Rs.10 crore.A similar experiment was successfully carried out in Ahmedabad also. (a) State two methods of effective plastic waste collection in your school. (b) Name any two uses of "single-use plastic" in daily life. (c) If we discontinue the use of plastic,how can an environment-friendly substitute be provided? (d) Do you think microbes will work similarly in landfill sites as they work in the laboratory?Justify your answer.