Magadh express takes 16 hours to cover the distance of 960km between patna and Gaziabad. The rails are separated by 130 cm and the vertical component of the earth's magnetic field is `4.0 X 10^(-5) T`. (a) Find the average emf induced across the width of the train. (b) If the leakage resistance between the rails is 100 Omega, find the retarding force on the train due to magnetic field.

Explanation

To solve the problem, we will break it down into two parts as specified in the question.

### Part (a): Finding the Average EMF Induced Across the Width of the Train

1. **Calculate the Velocity of the Train:**
- The distance covered by the train is 960 km and the time taken is 16 hours.
- Convert the distance to meters: \( 960 \, \text{km} = 960,000 \, \text{m} \).
- Convert the time to seconds: \( 16 \, \text{hours} = 16 \times 3600 \, \text{s} = 57600 \, \text{s} \).
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