What is the orientation effect of aldehydic and ketonic group when attached to aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution reactions?

Explain OH group attached to benzene ring activates it towards electrophilic substitution.

Among the following which is less reactive towards electrophilic substitution reactions

Why toluene is more reactive than benzene towards electrophilic substitution reactions?

Why toluene is more reactive than benzene towards electrophilic substitution reactions?

Discuss the effect of nitro group in chloro benzene towards nucleophilic substitution reaction.

Write a note on deactivating groups towards electrophilic substitution in benzene.

Compare the reactivity of benzene and chlorobenzene towards electrophilic substitution reactions.

The typical reaction of benzene and other aromatic compounds is electrophilic substitution. Presence of electron donating group activates the ring towards electrophilic substitution, while presence of electron withdrawing group deactivates the ring towards electrophilic substitution but at the same time activates the ring towards nucleophilic substitution. Some groups are predominantly meta directing and all of these are deactivating. Except halogen, most of the o- and p- directing groups are activating groups. (E.A.S = Electrophilic aromatic substation) Presence of nitro group in benzene ring:

The typical reaction of benzene and other aromatic compounds is electrophilic substitution. Presence of electron donating group activates the ring towards electrophilic substitution, while presence of electron withdrawing group deactivates the ring towards electrophilic substitution but at the same time activates the ring towards nucleophilic substitution. Some groups are predominantly meta directing and all of these are deactivating. Except halogen, most of the o- and p- directing groups are activating groups. (E.A.S = Electrophilic aromatic substation) The reaction of toluene with Cl_2 in presence of FeCl_3 gives predominantly: