Electron withdrawing groups in benzene ring facilitate nucleophilic substitution. Substantiate

The typical reaction of benzene and other aromatic compounds is electrophilic substitution. Presence of electron donating group activates the ring towards electrophilic substitution, while presence of electron withdrawing group deactivates the ring towards electrophilic substitution but at the same time activates the ring towards nucleophilic substitution. Some groups are predominantly meta directing and all of these are deactivating. Except halogen, most of the o- and p- directing groups are activating groups. (E.A.S = Electrophilic aromatic substation) Presence of nitro group in benzene ring:

The typical reaction of benzene and other aromatic compounds is electrophilic substitution. Presence of electron donating group activates the ring towards electrophilic substitution, while presence of electron withdrawing group deactivates the ring towards electrophilic substitution but at the same time activates the ring towards nucleophilic substitution. Some groups are predominantly meta directing and all of these are deactivating. Except halogen, most of the o- and p- directing groups are activating groups. (E.A.S = Electrophilic aromatic substation) The reaction of toluene with Cl_2 in presence of FeCl_3 gives predominantly:

The reaction which is not nucleophilic substitution is

Nucleophilic substitution in aryl halides is facilitated by electron withdrawing groups while electrophilic substitution is facilitated by electron releasing groups. Why?

Towards, nucleophilic substitution chlorobenzene is

Discuss the effect of nitro group in chloro benzene towards nucleophilic substitution reaction.

Explain OH group attached to benzene ring activates it towards electrophilic substitution.

Explain the fact that in aryl alkyl ethers (i) the alkoxy group activates the benzene ring towards electrophilic substitution and (ii) it directs the incoming substituents to ortho and para positions in benzene ring.