Seeds respire in

Options

A. presence of `O_(2)`
B. presence of `CO_(2)`
C. absence of `O_(2)`
D. both (a) and (c)

Explanation

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Seed Respiration**: Seeds respire during the process of germination, which is crucial for their growth and development. Respiration is the process by which seeds convert stored energy into usable energy.

2. **Types of Respiration**: There are two types of respiration that seeds can undergo:
- **Aerobic Respiration**: This occurs in the presence of oxygen. It is the primary method of respiration for seeds when oxygen is available.
- **Anaerobic Respiration**: This occurs in the absence of oxygen. This type of respiration happens when seeds are buried deep in the soil where oxygen levels are low.

3. **Energy Production**: During respiration, seeds convert energy stored in food into ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is used for various metabolic activities. Approximately 30-40% of the energy produced is converted into ATP, while the rest is released as heat.

4. **Conclusion**: Since seeds can respire in both the presence and absence of oxygen, the correct answer to the question "Seeds respire in" is both A (presence of oxygen) and C (absence of oxygen).

**Final Answer**: Seeds respire in both the presence of oxygen and the absence of oxygen (both A and C).

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