Consider the following four statements (i).(iv) and select the option that correctly identifies the true (T) and false (F) ones.
(i). Micturition is carried out by a reflex.
(ii). ADH helps in water elimination making the urine hypotonic.
(iii). Protein-free fluid is filtered from blood plasma into the bowman's capsule.
(iv). Glucose is actively reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule.

Options

A. a) `{:("(i)","(ii)","(iii)","(iv)"),(T,F,T,T):}`
B. b) `{:("(i)","(ii)","(iii)","(iv)"),(T,T,F,F):}`
C. c) `{:("(i)","(ii)","(iii)","(iv)"),(F,F,F,T):}`
D. d) `{:("(i)","(ii)","(iii)","(iv)"),(F,T,F,T):}`

Explanation

To determine the truthfulness of the given statements, we will analyze each one step by step.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Statement (i): Micturition is carried out by a reflex.**
- Micturition refers to the act of urination, which is indeed controlled by a reflex mechanism. Specifically, it is regulated by the parasympathetic nervous system, which triggers the bladder to contract and expel urine.
- **Conclusion:** This statement is **True (T)**.

2. **Statement (ii): ADH helps in water elimination making the urine hypotonic.**
- ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone) is responsible for promoting water reabsorption in the kidneys. When ADH is present, it causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water back into the bloodstream, resulting in less water being excreted in urine. Consequently, the urine becomes more concentrated (hypertonic) rather than hypotonic.
- **Conclusion:** This statement is **False (F)**.

3. **Statement (iii): Protein-free fluid is filtered from blood plasma into the Bowman's capsule.**
- During the filtration process in the kidneys, blood plasma is filtered through the glomerulus into the Bowman's capsule. This process allows only small molecules and water to pass through, while larger proteins and cells remain in the bloodstream. Therefore, the fluid that enters the Bowman's capsule is indeed protein-free.
- **Conclusion:** This statement is **True (T)**.

4. **Statement (iv): Glucose is actively reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule.**
- The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) of the nephron is responsible for the reabsorption of various substances, including glucose. This process is active, meaning it requires energy to transport glucose back into the bloodstream.
- **Conclusion:** This statement is **True (T)**.

### Final Summary of Statements:
- (i) True (T)
- (ii) False (F)
- (iii) True (T)
- (iv) True (T)

### Correct Option:
The correct option that identifies the true and false statements is:
- (i) T, (ii) F, (iii) T, (iv) T.

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