Which of the following is ART ?

Options

A. IUDs
B. GIFT
C. ZIFT
D. both (b) and (c)

Explanation

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understand the Question**: The question asks which of the given options is classified as Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART).

2. **Define ART**: ART stands for Assisted Reproductive Technology, which includes medical procedures designed to address infertility. It is primarily used by couples who are unable to conceive naturally.

3. **Identify the Options**: The options provided are:
- a. IUDs
- b. GIFT
- c. ZIFT
- d. both b and c

4. **Analyze Each Option**:
- **Option a: IUDs**: Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are not ART; they are contraceptive devices used to prevent pregnancy.
- **Option b: GIFT**: Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT) is a form of ART where both the egg and sperm are placed in the fallopian tubes for fertilization to occur naturally.
- **Option c: ZIFT**: Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer (ZIFT) is also a form of ART where a fertilized egg (zygote) is transferred to the fallopian tube.
- **Option d: both b and c**: This option suggests that both GIFT and ZIFT are forms of ART.

5. **Conclusion**: Since GIFT and ZIFT are both recognized as forms of Assisted Reproductive Technology, the correct answer is option d, which includes both b and c.

**Final Answer**: The correct option is **d. both b and c**.

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