India relishes a history of religious and culture traditions which emphasised the protection of nature. In many cultures, tracts of forest were set aside, all the trees and wildlife within were venerated and given total protection. Such areas are refferred to as
(a) hotspots
(b) ethical groves
(c) sacred groves
(d) protected areas

Options

A. hotspots
B. ethical groves
C. sacred groves
D. protected areas

Explanation

To solve the question, we need to identify the term that describes areas in India where forests are set aside and protected due to religious and cultural traditions. Let's analyze each option step by step:

1. **Understanding the Question**: The question states that certain areas in India, where forests are protected due to religious and cultural significance, are referred to by a specific term.

2. **Analyzing Option A - Hotspots**:
- Hotspots refer to regions that have a high degree of endemism and species richness.
- They are not specifically related to cultural or religious traditions for the protection of nature.
- Therefore, this option is incorrect.

3. **Analyzing Option B - Ethical Groves**:
- The term "ethical groves" is not a commonly recognized term in the context of biodiversity or conservation.
- It seems to refer to a philosophical argument about the intrinsic value of organisms, rather than a specific area set aside for protection.
- Thus, this option is also incorrect.

4. **Analyzing Option C - Sacred Groves**:
- Sacred groves are areas of forest that are protected due to their religious significance.
- They are often associated with tribal communities and are venerated, leading to their protection.
- These areas help in the conservation of various plants and animals, including endemic species.
- This option aligns perfectly with the description provided in the question.

5. **Analyzing Option D - Protected Areas**:
- Protected areas are regions designated for conservation, but they do not necessarily have a cultural or religious basis for their protection.
- They can be managed by governments or organizations without the traditional aspect mentioned in the question.
- Therefore, this option is not the correct answer.

6. **Conclusion**: After analyzing all the options, the correct answer is **(c) sacred groves**.

### Final Answer:
(c) sacred groves