G.P Thomson experimentally confirmed the existence of matter waves by the phenomena

Options

A. diffraction
B. refraction
C. polarization
D. scattering

Explanation

To solve the question regarding how G.P. Thomson experimentally confirmed the existence of matter waves, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Matter Waves**:
- Matter waves refer to the wave-like behavior of particles, as proposed by Louis de Broglie. According to de Broglie's hypothesis, every moving particle or object has an associated wave.

2. **G.P. Thomson's Experiment**:
- G.P. Thomson conducted experiments to investigate the wave nature of electrons. He aimed to demonstrate that electrons exhibit wave-like properties, similar to light.

3. **Phenomenon of Diffraction**:
- The key phenomenon that G.P. Thomson used to confirm the existence of matter waves is **diffraction**. Diffraction is the bending of waves around obstacles and the spreading of waves when they pass through small openings (slits).

4. **Application of Diffraction**:
- In his experiments, Thomson observed the diffraction patterns produced when electrons passed through a thin foil. The resulting patterns were indicative of wave behavior, confirming the wave nature of electrons.

5. **Conclusion**:
- Thus, G.P. Thomson confirmed the existence of matter waves through the phenomenon of diffraction, supporting the de Broglie hypothesis.

### Final Answer:
G.P. Thomson experimentally confirmed the existence of matter waves by the phenomenon of **diffraction**.

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