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What type of crystal defect is indicated...

What type of crystal defect is indicated in the diagram given below :
`{:(Na^(+),Cl^(-),Na^(+),Cl^(-),Na^(+),Cl^(-)),(Cl^(-),square,Cl^(-),Na^(+),square,Cl^(-)),(Na^(+),Cl^(-),square,Cl^(-),Na^(+),Cl^(-)),(Cl^(-),Na^(+),Cl^(-),Na^(+),square,N^(+)):}`

A

Frenkel defect

B

Schottky defect

C

Interstitial defect

D

Cation excess defect

Text Solution

AI Generated Solution

The correct Answer is:
To determine the type of crystal defect indicated in the given diagram, we need to analyze the arrangement of ions in the crystal lattice. Here’s a step-by-step solution: ### Step 1: Identify the Ions Present In the provided diagram, we see a repeating pattern of sodium ions (Na⁺) and chloride ions (Cl⁻). The presence of these ions is crucial to understanding the type of defect. **Hint:** Look closely at the arrangement of ions and note any missing ions. ### Step 2: Analyze the Missing Ions Upon examining the diagram, we notice that certain positions that should be occupied by sodium ions (Na⁺) and chloride ions (Cl⁻) are vacant. Specifically, there are vacancies where both Na⁺ and Cl⁻ ions should be present. **Hint:** Count the number of missing Na⁺ and Cl⁻ ions to see if they are equal. ### Step 3: Classify the Type of Defect The missing ions indicate that there are vacancies in the lattice. In ionic crystals, when oppositely charged ions leave their lattice sites, it creates vacancies. This type of defect is known as a Schottky defect, which occurs when both cations and anions are missing from their lattice sites, maintaining overall charge neutrality. **Hint:** Recall the definition of Schottky defects and how they relate to the presence of vacancies. ### Step 4: Confirm the Charge Neutrality In the case of the Schottky defect, the number of missing cations (Na⁺) is equal to the number of missing anions (Cl⁻). This maintains the neutrality of the crystal structure. **Hint:** Ensure that the overall charge of the crystal remains neutral despite the vacancies. ### Conclusion Based on the analysis, the type of crystal defect indicated in the diagram is a **Schottky defect**. This is characterized by the absence of equal numbers of cations and anions from the lattice, resulting in vacancies. **Final Answer:** The crystal defect indicated in the diagram is a **Schottky defect**.
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