Inductive effect of which ato is taken as zero to compare inductive effect of other atoms?

Options

A. Hydrogen
B. Chlorine
C. carbon
D. oxygen

Answer

To determine which atom's inductive effect is taken as zero for comparison with other atoms, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Inductive Effect**:
The inductive effect refers to the polarization of sigma (σ) bonds due to the electronegativity differences between atoms. Atoms with higher electronegativity can pull electron density towards themselves, causing a shift in the electron cloud.

2. **Electronegativity of Atoms**:
To compare the inductive effects of different atoms, we need to consider their electronegativities. The electronegativity scale helps us understand how strongly an atom attracts electrons in a bond.

3. **Evaluating the Given Options**:
- **Hydrogen (H)**: Electronegativity is approximately 2.1.
- **Chlorine (Cl)**: Electronegativity is approximately 3.0.
- **Carbon (C)**: Electronegativity is approximately 2.5.
- **Oxygen (O)**: Electronegativity is approximately 3.5.

4. **Identifying the Least Electronegative Atom**:
Among the given options, hydrogen has the lowest electronegativity. This means it has the least ability to attract electrons compared to the other atoms listed.

5. **Conclusion**:
Since hydrogen has the least electronegativity and is considered to have a negligible inductive effect, it is taken as the reference point (zero) for comparing the inductive effects of other atoms. Therefore, the correct answer is **A) Hydrogen**.

### Final Answer:
The atom whose inductive effect is taken as zero for comparison with other atoms is **Hydrogen**.

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