With a diagram, explain the working of a transformer.

Explanation

Working: When an alternating voltage `V_p` is applied to the primary coil. The induced magnetic flux is linked to the secondary coil through the core. So an voltage `V_s` is induced in secondary coil.
If `N_s gt N_p` then transformer is called step up transformer, where `V_s gt V_p` and if `N_p gt N_s` then the transformer is called step down transformer where `V_s lt V_p` If the transformer is ideal, `P_("in") = P_("out")`
`i, e i_p V_p = i_s V_s`
`implies (i_p)/(i_s) = (V_s)/(V_p) = (N_s)/(N_p)`