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(a) Why are detergents called soapless s...

(a) Why are detergents called soapless soap ?
(b) Why do soaps not work in hard water ?

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(a) Detergents are called soapless soap because they have similar cleaning action with soap but they do not contain sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids.
(b) Hard water contain calcium and magnesium salts which combine with soaps to form corresponding salts. These salts are not water soluble and get separated as curdy white precipitate resulting in wastage of soap.
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