Read the following statements.
(I) Ketonuria and glycosuria are characteristic symptoms of diabetes insipidus.
(II) Gynaecomastia is caused due to alteration in estrogen to androgen ratio.
(III) Except renin all other component of RAAS are produced by kidneys.
(IV) Generation of secondary messengers leads to the amplification of response generated for a hormone molecule.
Choose the option which includes correct statements only.

Options

A. I & II
B. II & Ill
C. II only
D. II & IV

Answer

To solve the question, we need to analyze each statement provided and determine whether they are correct or incorrect.

1. **Statement I**: "Ketonuria and glycosuria are characteristic symptoms of diabetes insipidus."
- **Analysis**: This statement is incorrect. Ketonuria and glycosuria are symptoms associated with diabetes mellitus, not diabetes insipidus. Diabetes insipidus is characterized by excessive thirst and urination but does not typically involve the presence of ketones or glucose in the urine.

2. **Statement II**: "Gynaecomastia is caused due to alteration in estrogen to androgen ratio."
- **Analysis**: This statement is correct. Gynaecomastia refers to the enlargement of breast tissue in males, which can occur due to an imbalance between estrogen and androgen levels, typically when estrogen levels are relatively higher.

3. **Statement III**: "Except renin, all other components of RAAS are produced by kidneys."
- **Analysis**: This statement is incorrect. The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) involves renin, which is produced by the kidneys, but angiotensinogen (the precursor to angiotensin) is produced by the liver. Therefore, not all components of RAAS are produced by the kidneys.

4. **Statement IV**: "Generation of secondary messengers leads to the amplification of response generated for a hormone molecule."
- **Analysis**: This statement is correct. The generation of secondary messengers (such as cAMP) indeed amplifies the response to a hormone, allowing for a greater physiological effect from a single hormone molecule.

Now, let's summarize the correct statements:
- Statement II is correct.
- Statement IV is correct.

Thus, the correct option includes statements II and IV.

**Final Answer**: The option that includes correct statements only is the one that contains statements II and IV.