Branching descent and natural selection are the two key concepts of Darwinian Theory of Evolution. Explain each concept with the help of a suitable example.

Explanation

### Step-by-Step Text Solution

**Step 1: Understanding Natural Selection**
Natural selection is a fundamental mechanism of evolution proposed by Charles Darwin. It refers to the process through which individuals with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce in their environment. This leads to the gradual adaptation of species over time.

**Example of Natural Selection:**
A classic example of natural selection is the case of the giraffe. Giraffes with longer necks can reach leaves high up in trees, which gives them access to food that shorter-necked giraffes cannot reach. As a result, the long-necked giraffes are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on their genes to the next generation. Over time, this leads to a population of giraffes that predominantly have long necks, while shorter-necked giraffes may face extinction due to competition for food.

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