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All the unconscious activities like hear...

All the unconscious activities like heartbeat, involuntary breathing and gut peristalsis are controlled by

A

Medulla oblongata

B

Cerebrum and medulla

C

Cerebellum and medulla

D

Cerebrum and cerebellum

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The correct Answer is:
### Step-by-Step Solution: 1. **Understanding the Question**: The question asks which part of the brain controls unconscious activities such as heartbeat, involuntary breathing, and gut peristalsis. 2. **Identifying the Brain Parts**: The options provided include: - Medulla oblongata - Cerebrum - Cerebellum 3. **Functions of the Brain Parts**: - **Medulla Oblongata**: This part of the brain is responsible for regulating involuntary functions such as heartbeat, breathing, and gut movements (peristalsis). It is located in the hindbrain. - **Cerebrum**: This part is associated with higher brain functions, including sensory perception and voluntary motor control. - **Cerebellum**: This part is mainly involved in coordination and balance, not directly in controlling involuntary actions. 4. **Conclusion**: Since the question specifically mentions unconscious activities that are involuntary, the part of the brain responsible for these functions is the **medulla oblongata**. 5. **Final Answer**: The part of the brain that controls all the unconscious activities like heartbeat, involuntary breathing, and gut peristalsis is the **medulla oblongata**.
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Coughing, hickups, breathing, heartbeat and peristalsis.

Which of the following statements are true about the brain? (i) The main thinking part of brain is hind brain. (ii) Centres of hearing, smell, memory, sight, etc., are located in fore brain (iii) Involuntary actions like salivation, vomiting, blood pressure are controlled by the medulla in the hind brain. (iv) Cerebellum does not control posture and balance of the body.

The organelle that controls all activities in a cell:

(1) My job as the District Veterinarian in Darrowby, Yorkshire has thrown up some interesting moments. I was driving up to Pawson.s sheep farm one morning, when I saw this rare sight. (2) I suppose it isn.t unusual to see a man pushing a pram in a town, but on a lonely moorland road this scene merits a second glance. Especially when the pram contains a large gray dog. I drew up beside them and stopped. (3) I looked at the pram, ancient and rusty, and at the big animal sitting upright inside it. He was a cross-bred greyhound, and he gazed back at me with unruffled dignity. I couldn.t help but admire his healthy and happy disposition. (4) “Nice dog," I said. (5) “Aye, that.s Jake.” The man smiled, introducing himself as Roddy. (6) That same evening, about eight o.clock, the doorbell rang. I answered it and found Roddy on the front doorstep. Behind him, stood the ubiquitous pram, One look at the prone dog warned me that something was terribly wrong. (7) I threw the door wide open. “Bring him in." (8) I grabbed the animal round the ul("middle") and we lifted him onto the table. I watched in disbelief as the huge form lay there. There was no fight for breath, he was unconscious. His pulse was rapid and feeble, yet he didn.t breathe. (9) Understanding the symptoms, I said, "Roddy, he is choking. I.m going to have a look at his throat." (10) I pushed Jake.s jaws apart, depressed his tongue with a forefinger, and shone my torch into the depths. He was the kind of good-natured dog who offered no resistance as I prodded around, I shall always be thankful that at that very instant the dog coughed, opening up the cartilages of the larynx and giving me a glimpse of the cause of all the trouble. There, beyond the drooping epiglottis, I saw for a fleeting moment a smooth round object no bigger than a pea. (11) “I think it.s a pebble," I gasped. “Right inside his larynx. I.ll have to get it out." (12) I seized a pair of scissors and clipped away the hair from the ventral surface of the larynx. I dared not use a general anesthetic, and therefore I infiltrated the area with local before swabbing with antiseptic. (13) "Hold his head steady,” I said hoarsely, and gripped a scalpel. I cut down through skin, fascia, and the thin layers of the muscle until the ventral surface of the larynx was revealed (14) And there it was. A pebble right enough-gray and glistening and tiny, but big enough to kill. (15) I had to fish it out quickly and cleanly without pushing it into the trachea. I leaned back and rummaged in the tray until I found some broad-bladed forceps, then I poised them over the ul("wound") . Great surgeons. hands, I felt sure, didn.t shake like this. (16) I clenched my teeth, ul("introduced") the forceps, and my hand magically steadied as I clamped them over the pebble. (17) I didn.t breathe at all as I bore the shining little object slowly and tenderly through the opening and dropped it with a gentle rat-tat on the table. (18) "Is that it ?" asked Roddy, almost in a whisper. (19) “That.s it.” I reached for a needle and suture silk. “All is ul("well") now." (20) The stitching took only a few minutes and by the end of it, Jake was bright-eyed and alert, paws shifting impatiently, ready for anything. (21) He seemed to know his troubles were over. Adapted from : James Herriot.s Favorite Dog Stories Given below are four words and phrases. Find the words which have a similar meaning in the passage : deserves

(1) My job as the District Veterinarian in Darrowby, Yorkshire has thrown up some interesting moments. I was driving up to Pawson.s sheep farm one morning, when I saw this rare sight. (2) I suppose it isn.t unusual to see a man pushing a pram in a town, but on a lonely moorland road this scene merits a second glance. Especially when the pram contains a large gray dog. I drew up beside them and stopped. (3) I looked at the pram, ancient and rusty, and at the big animal sitting upright inside it. He was a cross-bred greyhound, and he gazed back at me with unruffled dignity. I couldn.t help but admire his healthy and happy disposition. (4) “Nice dog," I said. (5) “Aye, that.s Jake.” The man smiled, introducing himself as Roddy. (6) That same evening, about eight o.clock, the doorbell rang. I answered it and found Roddy on the front doorstep. Behind him, stood the ubiquitous pram, One look at the prone dog warned me that something was terribly wrong. (7) I threw the door wide open. “Bring him in." (8) I grabbed the animal round the ul("middle") and we lifted him onto the table. I watched in disbelief as the huge form lay there. There was no fight for breath, he was unconscious. His pulse was rapid and feeble, yet he didn.t breathe. (9) Understanding the symptoms, I said, "Roddy, he is choking. I.m going to have a look at his throat." (10) I pushed Jake.s jaws apart, depressed his tongue with a forefinger, and shone my torch into the depths. He was the kind of good-natured dog who offered no resistance as I prodded around, I shall always be thankful that at that very instant the dog coughed, opening up the cartilages of the larynx and giving me a glimpse of the cause of all the trouble. There, beyond the drooping epiglottis, I saw for a fleeting moment a smooth round object no bigger than a pea. (11) “I think it.s a pebble," I gasped. “Right inside his larynx. I.ll have to get it out." (12) I seized a pair of scissors and clipped away the hair from the ventral surface of the larynx. I dared not use a general anesthetic, and therefore I infiltrated the area with local before swabbing with antiseptic. (13) "Hold his head steady,” I said hoarsely, and gripped a scalpel. I cut down through skin, fascia, and the thin layers of the muscle until the ventral surface of the larynx was revealed (14) And there it was. A pebble right enough-gray and glistening and tiny, but big enough to kill. (15) I had to fish it out quickly and cleanly without pushing it into the trachea. I leaned back and rummaged in the tray until I found some broad-bladed forceps, then I poised them over the ul("wound") . Great surgeons. hands, I felt sure, didn.t shake like this. (16) I clenched my teeth, ul("introduced") the forceps, and my hand magically steadied as I clamped them over the pebble. (17) I didn.t breathe at all as I bore the shining little object slowly and tenderly through the opening and dropped it with a gentle rat-tat on the table. (18) "Is that it ?" asked Roddy, almost in a whisper. (19) “That.s it.” I reached for a needle and suture silk. “All is ul("well") now." (20) The stitching took only a few minutes and by the end of it, Jake was bright-eyed and alert, paws shifting impatiently, ready for anything. (21) He seemed to know his troubles were over. Adapted from : James Herriot.s Favorite Dog Stories Given below are four words and phrases. Find the words which have a similar meaning in the passage : undisturbed

(1) My job as the District Veterinarian in Darrowby, Yorkshire has thrown up some interesting moments. I was driving up to Pawson.s sheep farm one morning, when I saw this rare sight. (2) I suppose it isn.t unusual to see a man pushing a pram in a town, but on a lonely moorland road this scene merits a second glance. Especially when the pram contains a large gray dog. I drew up beside them and stopped. (3) I looked at the pram, ancient and rusty, and at the big animal sitting upright inside it. He was a cross-bred greyhound, and he gazed back at me with unruffled dignity. I couldn.t help but admire his healthy and happy disposition. (4) “Nice dog," I said. (5) “Aye, that.s Jake.” The man smiled, introducing himself as Roddy. (6) That same evening, about eight o.clock, the doorbell rang. I answered it and found Roddy on the front doorstep. Behind him, stood the ubiquitous pram, One look at the prone dog warned me that something was terribly wrong. (7) I threw the door wide open. “Bring him in." (8) I grabbed the animal round the ul("middle") and we lifted him onto the table. I watched in disbelief as the huge form lay there. There was no fight for breath, he was unconscious. His pulse was rapid and feeble, yet he didn.t breathe. (9) Understanding the symptoms, I said, "Roddy, he is choking. I.m going to have a look at his throat." (10) I pushed Jake.s jaws apart, depressed his tongue with a forefinger, and shone my torch into the depths. He was the kind of good-natured dog who offered no resistance as I prodded around, I shall always be thankful that at that very instant the dog coughed, opening up the cartilages of the larynx and giving me a glimpse of the cause of all the trouble. There, beyond the drooping epiglottis, I saw for a fleeting moment a smooth round object no bigger than a pea. (11) “I think it.s a pebble," I gasped. “Right inside his larynx. I.ll have to get it out." (12) I seized a pair of scissors and clipped away the hair from the ventral surface of the larynx. I dared not use a general anesthetic, and therefore I infiltrated the area with local before swabbing with antiseptic. (13) "Hold his head steady,” I said hoarsely, and gripped a scalpel. I cut down through skin, fascia, and the thin layers of the muscle until the ventral surface of the larynx was revealed (14) And there it was. A pebble right enough-gray and glistening and tiny, but big enough to kill. (15) I had to fish it out quickly and cleanly without pushing it into the trachea. I leaned back and rummaged in the tray until I found some broad-bladed forceps, then I poised them over the ul("wound") . Great surgeons. hands, I felt sure, didn.t shake like this. (16) I clenched my teeth, ul("introduced") the forceps, and my hand magically steadied as I clamped them over the pebble. (17) I didn.t breathe at all as I bore the shining little object slowly and tenderly through the opening and dropped it with a gentle rat-tat on the table. (18) "Is that it ?" asked Roddy, almost in a whisper. (19) “That.s it.” I reached for a needle and suture silk. “All is ul("well") now." (20) The stitching took only a few minutes and by the end of it, Jake was bright-eyed and alert, paws shifting impatiently, ready for anything. (21) He seemed to know his troubles were over. Adapted from : James Herriot.s Favorite Dog Stories Given below are four words and phrases. Find the words which have a similar meaning in the passage : being unable to breathe

(1) My job as the District Veterinarian in Darrowby, Yorkshire has thrown up some interesting moments. I was driving up to Pawson.s sheep farm one morning, when I saw this rare sight. (2) I suppose it isn.t unusual to see a man pushing a pram in a town, but on a lonely moorland road this scene merits a second glance. Especially when the pram contains a large gray dog. I drew up beside them and stopped. (3) I looked at the pram, ancient and rusty, and at the big animal sitting upright inside it. He was a cross-bred greyhound, and he gazed back at me with unruffled dignity. I couldn.t help but admire his healthy and happy disposition. (4) “Nice dog," I said. (5) “Aye, that.s Jake.” The man smiled, introducing himself as Roddy. (6) That same evening, about eight o.clock, the doorbell rang. I answered it and found Roddy on the front doorstep. Behind him, stood the ubiquitous pram, One look at the prone dog warned me that something was terribly wrong. (7) I threw the door wide open. “Bring him in." (8) I grabbed the animal round the ul("middle") and we lifted him onto the table. I watched in disbelief as the huge form lay there. There was no fight for breath, he was unconscious. His pulse was rapid and feeble, yet he didn.t breathe. (9) Understanding the symptoms, I said, "Roddy, he is choking. I.m going to have a look at his throat." (10) I pushed Jake.s jaws apart, depressed his tongue with a forefinger, and shone my torch into the depths. He was the kind of good-natured dog who offered no resistance as I prodded around, I shall always be thankful that at that very instant the dog coughed, opening up the cartilages of the larynx and giving me a glimpse of the cause of all the trouble. There, beyond the drooping epiglottis, I saw for a fleeting moment a smooth round object no bigger than a pea. (11) “I think it.s a pebble," I gasped. “Right inside his larynx. I.ll have to get it out." (12) I seized a pair of scissors and clipped away the hair from the ventral surface of the larynx. I dared not use a general anesthetic, and therefore I infiltrated the area with local before swabbing with antiseptic. (13) "Hold his head steady,” I said hoarsely, and gripped a scalpel. I cut down through skin, fascia, and the thin layers of the muscle until the ventral surface of the larynx was revealed (14) And there it was. A pebble right enough-gray and glistening and tiny, but big enough to kill. (15) I had to fish it out quickly and cleanly without pushing it into the trachea. I leaned back and rummaged in the tray until I found some broad-bladed forceps, then I poised them over the ul("wound") . Great surgeons. hands, I felt sure, didn.t shake like this. (16) I clenched my teeth, ul("introduced") the forceps, and my hand magically steadied as I clamped them over the pebble. (17) I didn.t breathe at all as I bore the shining little object slowly and tenderly through the opening and dropped it with a gentle rat-tat on the table. (18) "Is that it ?" asked Roddy, almost in a whisper. (19) “That.s it.” I reached for a needle and suture silk. “All is ul("well") now." (20) The stitching took only a few minutes and by the end of it, Jake was bright-eyed and alert, paws shifting impatiently, ready for anything. (21) He seemed to know his troubles were over. Adapted from : James Herriot.s Favorite Dog Stories Given below are four words and phrases. Find the words which have a similar meaning in the passage : wet and shining

(1) My job as the District Veterinarian in Darrowby, Yorkshire has thrown up some interesting moments. I was driving up to Pawson.s sheep farm one morning, when I saw this rare sight. (2) I suppose it isn.t unusual to see a man pushing a pram in a town, but on a lonely moorland road this scene merits a second glance. Especially when the pram contains a large gray dog. I drew up beside them and stopped. (3) I looked at the pram, ancient and rusty, and at the big animal sitting upright inside it. He was a cross-bred greyhound, and he gazed back at me with unruffled dignity. I couldn.t help but admire his healthy and happy disposition. (4) “Nice dog," I said. (5) “Aye, that.s Jake.” The man smiled, introducing himself as Roddy. (6) That same evening, about eight o.clock, the doorbell rang. I answered it and found Roddy on the front doorstep. Behind him, stood the ubiquitous pram, One look at the prone dog warned me that something was terribly wrong. (7) I threw the door wide open. “Bring him in." (8) I grabbed the animal round the ul("middle") and we lifted him onto the table. I watched in disbelief as the huge form lay there. There was no fight for breath, he was unconscious. His pulse was rapid and feeble, yet he didn.t breathe. (9) Understanding the symptoms, I said, "Roddy, he is choking. I.m going to have a look at his throat." (10) I pushed Jake.s jaws apart, depressed his tongue with a forefinger, and shone my torch into the depths. He was the kind of good-natured dog who offered no resistance as I prodded around, I shall always be thankful that at that very instant the dog coughed, opening up the cartilages of the larynx and giving me a glimpse of the cause of all the trouble. There, beyond the drooping epiglottis, I saw for a fleeting moment a smooth round object no bigger than a pea. (11) “I think it.s a pebble," I gasped. “Right inside his larynx. I.ll have to get it out." (12) I seized a pair of scissors and clipped away the hair from the ventral surface of the larynx. I dared not use a general anesthetic, and therefore I infiltrated the area with local before swabbing with antiseptic. (13) "Hold his head steady,” I said hoarsely, and gripped a scalpel. I cut down through skin, fascia, and the thin layers of the muscle until the ventral surface of the larynx was revealed (14) And there it was. A pebble right enough-gray and glistening and tiny, but big enough to kill. (15) I had to fish it out quickly and cleanly without pushing it into the trachea. I leaned back and rummaged in the tray until I found some broad-bladed forceps, then I poised them over the ul("wound") . Great surgeons. hands, I felt sure, didn.t shake like this. (16) I clenched my teeth, ul("introduced") the forceps, and my hand magically steadied as I clamped them over the pebble. (17) I didn.t breathe at all as I bore the shining little object slowly and tenderly through the opening and dropped it with a gentle rat-tat on the table. (18) "Is that it ?" asked Roddy, almost in a whisper. (19) “That.s it.” I reached for a needle and suture silk. “All is ul("well") now." (20) The stitching took only a few minutes and by the end of it, Jake was bright-eyed and alert, paws shifting impatiently, ready for anything. (21) He seemed to know his troubles were over. Adapted from : James Herriot.s Favorite Dog Stories For each of the words given below, write a sentence of at least ten words using the same word unchanged in form, but with a different meaning from that which it carries in the passage : middle (line 16)

(1) My job as the District Veterinarian in Darrowby, Yorkshire has thrown up some interesting moments. I was driving up to Pawson.s sheep farm one morning, when I saw this rare sight. (2) I suppose it isn.t unusual to see a man pushing a pram in a town, but on a lonely moorland road this scene merits a second glance. Especially when the pram contains a large gray dog. I drew up beside them and stopped. (3) I looked at the pram, ancient and rusty, and at the big animal sitting upright inside it. He was a cross-bred greyhound, and he gazed back at me with unruffled dignity. I couldn.t help but admire his healthy and happy disposition. (4) “Nice dog," I said. (5) “Aye, that.s Jake.” The man smiled, introducing himself as Roddy. (6) That same evening, about eight o.clock, the doorbell rang. I answered it and found Roddy on the front doorstep. Behind him, stood the ubiquitous pram, One look at the prone dog warned me that something was terribly wrong. (7) I threw the door wide open. “Bring him in." (8) I grabbed the animal round the ul("middle") and we lifted him onto the table. I watched in disbelief as the huge form lay there. There was no fight for breath, he was unconscious. His pulse was rapid and feeble, yet he didn.t breathe. (9) Understanding the symptoms, I said, "Roddy, he is choking. I.m going to have a look at his throat." (10) I pushed Jake.s jaws apart, depressed his tongue with a forefinger, and shone my torch into the depths. He was the kind of good-natured dog who offered no resistance as I prodded around, I shall always be thankful that at that very instant the dog coughed, opening up the cartilages of the larynx and giving me a glimpse of the cause of all the trouble. There, beyond the drooping epiglottis, I saw for a fleeting moment a smooth round object no bigger than a pea. (11) “I think it.s a pebble," I gasped. “Right inside his larynx. I.ll have to get it out." (12) I seized a pair of scissors and clipped away the hair from the ventral surface of the larynx. I dared not use a general anesthetic, and therefore I infiltrated the area with local before swabbing with antiseptic. (13) "Hold his head steady,” I said hoarsely, and gripped a scalpel. I cut down through skin, fascia, and the thin layers of the muscle until the ventral surface of the larynx was revealed (14) And there it was. A pebble right enough-gray and glistening and tiny, but big enough to kill. (15) I had to fish it out quickly and cleanly without pushing it into the trachea. I leaned back and rummaged in the tray until I found some broad-bladed forceps, then I poised them over the ul("wound") . Great surgeons. hands, I felt sure, didn.t shake like this. (16) I clenched my teeth, ul("introduced") the forceps, and my hand magically steadied as I clamped them over the pebble. (17) I didn.t breathe at all as I bore the shining little object slowly and tenderly through the opening and dropped it with a gentle rat-tat on the table. (18) "Is that it ?" asked Roddy, almost in a whisper. (19) “That.s it.” I reached for a needle and suture silk. “All is ul("well") now." (20) The stitching took only a few minutes and by the end of it, Jake was bright-eyed and alert, paws shifting impatiently, ready for anything. (21) He seemed to know his troubles were over. Adapted from : James Herriot.s Favorite Dog Stories For each of the words given below, write a sentence of at least ten words using the same word unchanged in form, but with a different meaning from that which it carries in the passage : wound (line 38)

(1) My job as the District Veterinarian in Darrowby, Yorkshire has thrown up some interesting moments. I was driving up to Pawson.s sheep farm one morning, when I saw this rare sight. (2) I suppose it isn.t unusual to see a man pushing a pram in a town, but on a lonely moorland road this scene merits a second glance. Especially when the pram 5 contains a large gray dog. I drew up beside them and stopped. (3) I looked at the pram, ancient and rusty, and at the big animal sitting upright inside it. He was a cross-bred greyhound, and he gazed back at me with unruffled dignity. I couldn.t help but admire his healthy and happy disposition. (4) “Nice dog," I said. (5) “Aye, that.s Jake.” The man smiled, introducing himself as Roddy. (6) That same evening, about eight o.clock, the doorbell rang. I answered it and found Roddy on the front doorstep. Behind him, stood the ubiquitous pram, One look at the prone dog warned me that something was terribly wrong. I threw the door wide open. “Bring him in." (8) I grabbed the animal round the ul("middle") and we lifted him onto the table. I watched in disbelief as the huge form lay there. There was no fight for breath, he was unconscious. His pulse was rapid and feeble, yet he didn.t breathe. (9) Understanding the symptoms, I said, "Roddy, he is choking. I.m going to have a look at his throat." (10) I pushed Jake.s jaws apart, depressed his tongue with a forefinger, and shone my torch into the depths. He was the kind of good-natured dog who offered no resistance as I prodded around, I shall always be thankful that at that very instant the dog coughed, opening up the cartilages of the larynx and giving me a glimpse of the cause of all the trouble. There, beyond the drooping epiglottis, I saw for a fleeting moment a smooth round object no bigger than a pea. (11) “I think it.s a pebble," I gasped. “Right inside his larynx. I.ll have to get it out." (12) I seized a pair of scissors and clipped away the hair from the ventral surface of the larynx. I dared not use a general anesthetic, and therefore I infiltrated the area with local before swabbing with antiseptic. (13) "Hold his head steady,” I said hoarsely, and gripped a scalpel. I cut down through skin, fascia, and the thin layers of the muscle until the ventral surface of the larynx was revealed (14) And there it was. A pebble right enough-gray and glistening and tiny, but big enough to kill. (15) I had to fish it out quickly and cleanly without pushing it into the trachea. I leaned back and rummaged in the tray until I found some broad-bladed forceps, then I poised them over the ul("wound") . Great surgeons. hands, I felt sure, didn.t shake like this. (16) I clenched my teeth, ul("introduced") the forceps, and my hand magically steadied as I clamped them over the pebble. (17) I didn.t breathe at all as I bore the shining little object slowly and tenderly through the opening and dropped it with a gentle rat-tat on the table. (18) "Is that it ?" asked Roddy, almost in a whisper. (19) “That.s it.” I reached for a needle and suture silk. “All is ul("well") now." (20) The stitching took only a few minutes and by the end of it, Jake was bright-eyed and alert, paws shifting impatiently, ready for anything. (21) He seemed to know his troubles were over. Adapted from : James Herriot.s Favorite Dog Stories For each of the words given below, write a sentence of at least ten words using the same word unchanged in form, but with a different meaning from that which it carries in the passage : introduced (line 40)

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