Survival of Fittest' was used by

Options

A. a) Charles Darwin
B. b) Herbert Spencer
C. c) Jean Baptiste Lamarck
D. d) Hugo de Vries

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the Term**: The term "Survival of the Fittest" is the focus of the question.

2. **Historical Context**: Understand that the phrase is often associated with the theory of evolution and natural selection.

3. **Key Figures**: The question lists four scientists: Charles Darwin, Herbert Spencer, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, and Hugo de Vries.

4. **Coinage of the Term**: Recognize that Herbert Spencer was the first to coin the term "Survival of the Fittest." He used it to describe the natural tendency of societies to evolve and change, where the strongest individuals survive while the weaker ones are eliminated.

5. **Darwin's Application**: Charles Darwin later applied this concept to biological evolution, emphasizing the role of inherited traits in survival and reproduction. However, he did not originate the term.

6. **Other Scientists**:
- Jean-Baptiste Lamarck is known for his work on the inheritance of acquired characteristics, which is different from the concept of "Survival of the Fittest."
- Hugo de Vries contributed to the understanding of mutations and evolution but did not coin the term.

7. **Conclusion**: Based on the historical context and contributions of the scientists, the correct answer to the question is Herbert Spencer.

### Final Answer:
**Herbert Spencer** was the scientist who coined the term "Survival of the Fittest."

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