The mode of nutrition in all fungi is always

Options

A. autotrophic
B. saprophytic
C. parasitic
D. heterotrophic

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Question**: The question asks about the mode of nutrition in all fungi. We need to determine which type of nutrition is characteristic of fungi.

2. **Identifying Nutrition Types**: There are several modes of nutrition:
- **Autotrophic**: Organisms that produce their own food (e.g., plants).
- **Heterotrophic**: Organisms that cannot produce their own food and must absorb it from other sources.
- **Saprophytic**: A type of heterotrophic nutrition where organisms feed on dead organic matter.
- **Parasitic**: A type of heterotrophic nutrition where organisms feed on living hosts.

3. **Fungi as Heterotrophs**: Fungi are classified as heterotrophs because they cannot produce their own food. They obtain nutrients by absorbing organic matter.

4. **Fungi as Saprophytes and Parasites**:
- Many fungi are saprophytes, meaning they decompose dead organic matter, playing a crucial role in ecosystems (e.g., mushrooms).
- Some fungi are also parasites, living on or within a host organism and deriving nutrients from it (e.g., Albugo candida, which causes white rust in mustard plants).

5. **Conclusion**: Therefore, the mode of nutrition in all fungi is always **heterotrophic**. They can be saprophytic or parasitic, but they do not produce their own food.

### Final Answer:
The mode of nutrition in all fungi is always **heterotrophic**.

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