Chloramphenicol, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, would inhibit protein synthesis in mitochondria but would not do so with regard to protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. This suggests that

Options

A. The mitochondria protein synthesis and the cytoplasmic protein synthesis are of different types
B. The enzymes machinery of protein synthesis in mitochondria function independently
C. The mitochondria are dependent upon nucleus for its protein synthesis
D. Both 'b' and 'c'

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Chloramphenicol**: Chloramphenicol is an antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis. It is known to specifically target bacterial ribosomes, which are different from eukaryotic ribosomes.

2. **Protein Synthesis in Mitochondria vs. Cytoplasm**: Mitochondria have their own ribosomes (70S) and machinery for protein synthesis, which is similar to that of prokaryotes. In contrast, the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells contains 80S ribosomes for protein synthesis.

3. **Effect of Chloramphenicol**: Since chloramphenicol inhibits protein synthesis in mitochondria, it indicates that the mitochondrial ribosomes are susceptible to this antibiotic. However, it does not inhibit protein synthesis in the cytoplasm, suggesting that the cytoplasmic ribosomes are not affected by chloramphenicol.

4. **Conclusion**: This difference in susceptibility suggests that the protein synthesis machinery in mitochondria operates independently from that in the cytoplasm. Mitochondria are considered semi-autonomous organelles because they have their own DNA and ribosomes, allowing them to synthesize some of their own proteins independently of the nuclear genome.

5. **Final Answer**: Therefore, the correct suggestion is that the enzyme machinery of protein synthesis in mitochondria functions independently.

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