Modified antibiotics are produced by the technique

Options

A. tissue culture
B. hybridoma
C. genetic engineering
D. ultrafiltration

Answer

To determine the technique used for producing modified antibiotics, we can analyze the options provided: tissue culture, hybridoma, genetic engineering, and ultrafiltration.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Antibiotics**: Antibiotics are substances used to treat infections caused by microorganisms, particularly bacteria. They are crucial in medical treatments.

2. **Evaluating the Techniques**:
- **Tissue Culture**: This technique involves growing cells or tissues in a controlled environment. It is primarily used for plant propagation and does not directly relate to antibiotic modification.
- **Hybridoma**: This technique involves the fusion of a specific type of immune cell with a cancer cell to produce monoclonal antibodies. While it is important in antibody production, it is not directly related to modifying antibiotics.
- **Ultrafiltration**: This is a separation technique used to filter particles based on size. It is not a method for modifying antibiotics but rather for purifying substances.
- **Genetic Engineering**: This technique involves altering the genetic material of an organism. It allows scientists to insert genes responsible for antibiotic production into suitable host organisms (like bacteria), enabling the modification and enhancement of antibiotic properties.

3. **Conclusion**: Among the options, genetic engineering is the technique that allows for the modification of antibiotics by manipulating the genetic material of organisms that produce them. Therefore, the correct answer is **genetic engineering**.

### Final Answer:
Modified antibiotics are produced by the technique of **genetic engineering**.

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