Which of the following kingdoms is mismatched ?
(a) Protista-various modes of nutrition
(b) Animalia-rarely ingestive
(c) Plantae-usually photosynthetic
(d) Fungi-usually saprotrophic

Options

A. Protoctista-various modes of nutrition
B. Animalia-rarely ingestive
C. Plantae usually photosynthetic
D. Fungi-usually saprotrophic

Explanation

To determine which of the following kingdoms is mismatched, we need to analyze each option based on the characteristics of the respective kingdoms.

**Step 1: Analyze Option A - Protista**
- The kingdom Protista includes various unicellular eukaryotic organisms.
- These organisms exhibit various modes of nutrition, including photosynthetic, holozoic, saprobic, myxotropic, and parasitic.
- Therefore, Option A is correctly matched as Protista does have various modes of nutrition.

**Step 2: Analyze Option B - Animalia**
- The kingdom Animalia consists of multicellular organisms that are primarily heterotrophic.
- Most animals are ingestive heterotrophs, meaning they ingest food and digest it internally.
- The statement "rarely ingestive" is misleading because animals typically ingest food regularly.
- Therefore, Option B is mismatched.

**Step 3: Analyze Option C - Plantae**
- The kingdom Plantae includes organisms that are primarily photosynthetic.
- Plants use sunlight to produce their own food through photosynthesis.
- Hence, Option C is correctly matched as Plantae is usually photosynthetic.

**Step 4: Analyze Option D - Fungi**
- The kingdom Fungi consists of eukaryotic organisms that are primarily saprotrophic.
- Fungi absorb nutrients from dead and decaying organic matter, which is characteristic of saprotrophic nutrition.
- Therefore, Option D is correctly matched.

**Conclusion:**
The mismatched kingdom is **Option B - Animalia**, as it incorrectly states that animals are "rarely ingestive."

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