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and pairs of ribs are called floating r...

_______ and _______ pairs of ribs are called floating ribs.

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**Step-by-Step Solution:** 1. **Understanding Ribs**: Ribs are a set of 12 paired bones that form the protective cage of the thorax. They play a crucial role in protecting the internal thoracic organs. 2. **Identifying Floating Ribs**: Among these 12 pairs of ribs, certain pairs are classified as "floating ribs." 3. **Determining the Specific Pairs**: The pairs of ribs that are classified as floating ribs are the 11th and 12th pairs. 4. **Reason for the Name**: These ribs are referred to as floating ribs because they are not connected to the sternum (the breastbone) on the front (ventral side). Instead, they are only attached to the vertebral column at the back (dorsal aspect) and are left free on the front side. 5. **Final Answer**: Therefore, the answer to the question is that the 11th and 12th pairs of ribs are called floating ribs. ---
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