The process of RNA interference has been used in the development of plants resistant to

Options

A. Nematodes
B. Fungi
C. Viruses
D. Insects

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding RNA Interference (RNAi)**:
- RNA interference is a biological process where RNA molecules inhibit gene expression or translation, effectively silencing targeted genes. This is primarily achieved through the action of small interfering RNA (siRNA) or microRNA (miRNA).

2. **Mechanism of RNAi**:
- In RNA interference, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is introduced into the cell. This dsRNA is recognized by the cellular machinery, leading to the degradation of complementary mRNA. As a result, the translation of the target protein is inhibited.

3. **Application of RNAi in Plants**:
- Scientists have harnessed RNA interference to develop genetically modified plants that can resist various pests and pathogens. This technology can be used to target specific genes in pests, making the plants more resilient.

4. **Identifying the Target**:
- In the context of the question, we need to identify which of the given options (nematodes, fungi, viruses, insects) RNA interference has been effectively used against in the development of resistant plants.

5. **Focus on Nematodes**:
- Research has shown that RNA interference has been particularly effective in targeting nematodes, specifically the root-knot nematode *Meloidogyne incognita*. This nematode is a significant pest that affects various crops.

6. **Conclusion**:
- Based on the above information, the answer to the question is that RNA interference has been used in the development of plants resistant to **nematodes**.

### Final Answer:
RNA interference has been used in the development of plants resistant to **nematodes**.

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