Describe principle and working of the periscope.

(i) with the help of a labelled diagram, describe briefly the underlying principle and working of a stepup transformer. (ii) Write any two sources of energy loss in a transformer. (iii) A step-up transformed converts a low input voltage into a high output voltage. Does it violate law of conservation of energy ? Explain.

Describe the principle and procedure of determining molecular mass of an acid by volumetric method.

Write the principle of working of a potentiometer. Describe briefly, with the help of a circuit diagram, how a potentiometer is used to determine the internal resistance of a given cell.

Describe the principle involved in the synthesis of petrol from coal by Bergius process. Describe the process with a flow diagram

Describe the principle involved in the estimation of phosphorus in an unknown organic compound.

Describe the principle involved in each of the following processes: Mond process for refining of nickel.

Describe the principle involved in the determination of equivalent weight of a substance by double decomposition method.

Describe the principle involved in the determination of molecular mass of an organic acid by silver salt method.

Describe the principle involved in each of the following processes : (i) Zone refining of a metal (ii) Vapour phase refining of metals

Describe the principle involved in each of the following processes: Column chromatography for purification of rare elements.