Present a comparative account of the alkali and alkaline earth metals with respect to the following characteristics.
(a) Tendency to form ionic/covalent compounds (b) Nature of oxides and their solubility in water
(c) Formation of oxosalts
(d) Solubility of oxosalts
(e) Thermal stability of oxosalts

Compare the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals with respect to (a) ionisation enthalpy, (b) basicity of oxides and (c ) solubility of hydroxides.

Tow elelments 'I' and 'Q' belong to the same periiod of the modern periodic table and are in Group-1 and Group-2 respectively. Compare their following characteristics in tabular from: (a) The number of electrons in their atoms (b) The sizes of their atoms (c) Their matallic characters (d) Their tendencies to loes electrons (e)The formula of their oxides (f) The fornula of their chlorides

Compare the solubility and thermal stability of the following compounds of the alkali metals with those of the alkaline earth metals. (a) Nitrates (b) Carbonates (c) Sulphates.

State which of the following is a common characteristic of a covalent compound. A. High melting point B. Consists of molecule C. Always soluble in water D. Conducts electricity when it is the moltern state.

Alkali &alkaline earth metals have low ionisation enthalpies and hence exhibit characteristic flame colouration. They have high negative electrode potentials & hence are strong reducing agents. It dissolve in liquid ammonia to give a solution which conducts electricity and act as strong reducing agent. being stronger reducing agent than hydrogen, they are usually prepared by the electrolysis of their fused chlorides. Their oxides are basic and the basic strength increases down the group. The solubility of carbonates and sulphates of alkali and alkaline earth metals show opposite trends. only the carbonates of Li and alkaline earth metals decompose on heating. The bicarbonates of both alkali & alkaline earth metals on heating give carbonates. Which of the following process is used in the extractive metallurgy of sodium?

(a) When a chromite ore (A) is fused with an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate in free excess of air, a yellow solution of compound (B) is obtained. This solution is filtered and acidified with sulphuric acid to form compound (C). Compound (C) on treatment with solution of KCl gives orange crystals of compound (D). Write the chemical formulae of compounds A to D. (b) Describe the cause of the following variations with respect to lanthanoids and actinoids: (i) Greater range of oxidation states of actinoids as compared to lanthanoids. (ii) Greater actinoid contraction as compared to lanthanoid contraction. (iii) Lower ionisation enthalpy of early actinoids as compared to the early lanthanoids.

Study the following table in which positions of six elements A,B,C,D,E and F are shown as they are in the modern periodic table. On the basis of the above table, answer the following question : (i) Name the element which form only covalent compounds. (ii) Name the element which is a metal with valency three. (iii) Name the element which is a non-metal with valency three. (iv) Out of D and E, which is bigger in size and why ? (iv) Write the common name for the family to which the elements C and F belongs.

(a) Why alkaline earth metals are harder, have higer melting ponts and higher densities than the alkali metals? (b). Why the atoms of alkaline earth metals are smaller than the corresponding alkali metals? (c ). Why alkaline earth metals have high electrical and thermal conductivities? (d). What is black ash? (e). Why the variation in physical properties of alkaline earth elements is not as regular as in the case of alkali metals?

Alkali metal salts ionic and soluble in water. The solubility of an ionic compound depends on (i) lattic ethalpy and (ii) hydration enthalpy. These two factor oppose each other. If hydration ethalpy is high, the ions will have greater tendency to be hydrated and therefore the solubility will be high. The smaller the cation, the greater is the degree of hydration. The reducing behaviour of alkali metals in solution is also dependent on the hydration enthalpy besides other factors. Which of the following is the strongest reducing agent

(a). Mention the most abundant and least abudant alkaline earth metal in the earth's crust. b. Arrange alkaline earth metals in order of decreasing hydration enthalpy. c. Ca, Sr and Ba generally form ionic compounds. why? d. Mention colours of Ca,Ba and Sr in flame test.