Water potential is affected by:
(a) osmotic potential
(b) matric potential
(c) pressure potential
(d) all of these

Options

A. osmotic potential
B. matric potential
C. pressure potential
D. all of these

Answer

To solve the question "Water potential is affected by:", we need to analyze each option provided:

1. **Understanding Water Potential**: Water potential is a measure of the potential energy of water in a system and is influenced by various factors. It is represented by the symbol Ψ (psi) and is affected by solute concentration and pressure.

2. **Analyzing Each Option**:
- **(a) Osmotic Potential**: This is the potential of water to move across a semipermeable membrane due to solute concentration. Higher solute concentration lowers the osmotic potential, which in turn affects the overall water potential. Therefore, osmotic potential does affect water potential.

- **(b) Matric Potential**: This potential arises from the adhesion of water molecules to the surfaces of solid particles (like soil or cell walls). It influences the movement of water in plants and affects the water potential. Thus, matric potential also affects water potential.

- **(c) Pressure Potential**: This is the physical pressure exerted by the protoplasm against the cell wall. It can increase the water potential when pressure is applied. Therefore, pressure potential is another factor that affects water potential.

3. **Conclusion**: Since all three potentials (osmotic, matric, and pressure) influence the water potential, the correct answer is:
- **(d) all of these**.

**Final Answer**: (d) all of these

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