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Pressure exerted by the cortical cells o...

Pressure exerted by the cortical cells of the root upon their liquid contents under a fully turgid condition, forcing a quantity of them into the xylem vessels and through them upwards into the stem is known as ………………………..

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**Step-by-Step Text Solution:** 1. **Understanding the Context**: The question refers to the pressure exerted by the cortical cells in the roots of plants. This pressure is crucial for the movement of liquid (cell sap) from the roots into the xylem vessels, which then transports it upwards through the stem. 2. **Definition of Turgidity**: Turgidity in plant cells occurs when they are filled with water, creating internal pressure against the cell wall. This is essential for maintaining the structure and function of plant cells. 3. **Mechanism of Pressure Generation**: When the cortical cells of the root become fully turgid, they exert pressure on their liquid contents. This pressure is a result of osmotic processes where water enters the cells, causing them to swell. ...
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Fill in the blanks : The outward pressure exerted on the cell walls by the fluid contents of a fully turgid cell is called ………. .

Two capillaries of same length and radii in the ratio 1 : 2 are connected in series. A liquid flows through them in streamlined condition. If the pressure across the two extreme ends of the combination is 1 m of water, the pressure difference across first capillary is

The word fluid means a substance having particles which readily of its magnitude (a small shear stress, which may appear to be of negligible will cause deformation in the fluid). Fluids are charactrised by such properties as density. Specific weight, specific gravity, viscosity etc. Density of a substance is defined as mass per unit volume and it is denoted by. The specific gravity represents a numerical ratio of two densities, and water is commonly taken as a reference substance. Specific gravity of a substance in written as the ratio of density of substance to the density of water. Specific weight represents the force exerted by gravity on a unit volume of fluid. It is related to the density as the product of density of a fluid and acceleration due to gravity. Viscosity is the most important and is recognized as the only single property which influences the fluid motion to a great extent. The viscosity is the property by virtue of which a fluid offers resistance to deformation under the influenece if shear force. The force between the layers opposing relative motion between them are known as forces of viscosity. When a boat moves slowly on the river remains at rest. Velocities of different layers are different. Let v be the velocity of the level at a distance y from the bed and V+dv be the velocity at a distance y+dy . The velocity differs by dv in going through a distance by perpendicular to it. The quantity (dv)/(dy) is called velocity gradient. The force of viscosity between two layers of a fluid is proportional to velocity gradient and Area of the layer. F prop A & F prop (dv)/(dy) F= -etaA(dv)/(dy) ( -ve sign shown the force is frictional in nature and opposes relative motion. eta coefficient of dynamic viscosity Shear stress (F)/(A)= -eta(dv)/(dy) and simultaneously kinematic viscosity is defined as the dynamic viscosity divided by the density. If is denoted as v . The viscosity of a fluid depends upon its intermolecular structure. In gases, the molecules are widely spaced resulting in a negligible intermolecular cohesion, while in liquids the molecules being very close to each other, the cohesion is much larger with the increases of temperature, the cohesive force decreases rapidly resulting in the decreases of viscosity. In case of gases, the viscosity is mainly due to transfer of molecular momentum in the transerve direction brought about by the molecular agitation. Molecular agitation increases with rise in temperature. Thus we conclude that viscosity of a fluid may thus be considered to be composed of two parts, first due to intermolecuar cohesion and second due to transfer of molecular momentum. Viscosity of liquids

The word fluid means a substance having particles which readily of its magnitude (a small shear stress, which may appear to be of negligible will cause deformation in the fluid). Fluids are charactrised by such properties as density. Specific weight, specific gravity, viscosity etc. Density of a substance is defined as mass per unit volume and it is denoted by. The specific gravity represents a numerical ratio of two densities, and water is commonly taken as a reference substance. Specific gravity of a substance in written as the ratio of density of substance to the density of water. Specific weight represents the force exerted by gravity on a unit volume of fluid. It is related to the density as the product of density of a fluid and acceleration due to gravity. Viscosity is the most important and is recognized as the only single property which influences the fluid motion to a great extent. The viscosity is the property by virtue of which a fluid offers resistance to deformation under the influenece if shear force. The force between the layers opposing relative motion between them are known as forces of viscosity. When a boat moves slowly on the river remains at rest. Velocities of different layers are different. Let v be the velocity of the level at a distance y from the bed and V+dv be the velocity at a distance y+dy . The velocity differs by dv in going through a distance by perpendicular to it. The quantity (dv)/(dy) is called velocity gradient. The force of viscosity between two layers of a fluid is proportional to velocity gradient and Area of the layer. F prop A & F prop (dv)/(dy) F= -etaA(dv)/(dy) ( -ve sign shown the force is frictional in nature and opposes relative motion. eta coefficient of dynamic viscosity Shear stress (F)/(A)= -eta(dv)/(dy) and simultaneously kinematic viscosity is defined as the dynamic viscosity divided by the density. If is denoted as v . The viscosity of a fluid depends upon its intermolecular structure. In gases, the molecules are widely spaced resulting in a negligible intermolecular cohesion, while in liquids the molecules being very close to each other, the cohesion is much larger with the increases of temperature, the cohesive force decreases rapidly resulting in the decreases of viscosity. In case of gases, the viscosity is mainly due to transfer of molecular momentum in the transerve direction brought about by the molecular agitation. Molecular agitation increases with rise in temperature. Thus we conclude that viscosity of a fluid may thus be considered to be composed of two parts, first due to intermolecuar cohesion and second due to transfer of molecular momentum. If the velocity profile is given by v=(2)/(3)y-y^(2)v is velocity in m//sec y is in meter above the bad. Determine shear stress at y=0.15m , & eta=0.863 Ns//m^(2)

ICSE-TRANSPORT IN PLANTS -TEST YOUR PROGRESS (Fill in the blanks with appropriate words )
  1. The form and structure of growing cell are maintained because of ........

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  2. When plant absorbs water from the soil, the water potential of the roo...

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  3. When the fluid outside a cell has a greater concentration of a given m...

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  4. Water potential is the sum of two opposing forces in a plant and ……………...

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  5. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is call...

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  6. The tendency of a solution to take up water when separated from pure w...

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  7. Water flows from where its potential is ……………………… to where its potenti...

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  8. From xylem to the air spaces in a leaf, water moves along a gradient o...

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  9. Water is pulled upward through the xylem against gravity because of………...

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  10. The pressure exerted by the cell wall to balance the turgor pressure i...

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  11. Pressure exerted by the cortical cells of the root upon their liquid c...

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  12. Osmotic potential is given a ………………...Sign because it is not a real pr...

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  13. Osmosis is the passage of water through a ...................... membr...

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  14. If wall pressure of a cell decreases, DPD of that cell will …………………………

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  15. Long distance transport of organic compounds in a plant from a source ...

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  16. Translocation of food takes place from source to …………………..

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  17. Plants absorb minerals in their ...................... form, as found ...

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  18. The uptake of minerall ions against concentration is called ………….

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  19. conduction of inorganic materials in plants occurs mainly through mine...

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  20. The phenomenon of uptake of water at expense of energy by the cell and...

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