Who proposed generalised or universal model of Y-shaped energy flow? Why is it called universal model?

Explanation

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the Proposer**: The universal model of Y-shaped energy flow was proposed by E. P. Odom in 1956.

2. **Understanding the Term 'Universal Model'**: The model is referred to as the "universal model" because it encompasses both grazing and detritus food chains.

3. **Explanation of the Model's Structure**: The model is visually represented in the shape of the letter "Y". This representation indicates that from one producer, two distinct food chains emerge: one that follows the grazing pathway and another that follows the detritus pathway.

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