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Statement-1: 11^25 + 12^25 when divided ...

Statement-1: `11^25 + 12^25` when divided by 23 leaves the remainder zero.Statement-2: `(a + b)^n` is divisible by `(a + b)` for all values of `n epsilon`N

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To solve the problem, we need to analyze both statements separately and determine their validity. ### Step 1: Analyze Statement 1 We need to check if \( 11^{25} + 12^{25} \) is divisible by 23. **Using Fermat's Little Theorem:** Fermat's Little Theorem states that if \( p \) is a prime number and \( a \) is an integer not divisible by \( p \), then: \[ a^{p-1} \equiv 1 \mod p \] Here, \( p = 23 \). 1. **Calculate \( 11^{25} \mod 23 \):** - Since \( 11 \) is not divisible by \( 23 \), we can apply Fermat's theorem: \[ 11^{22} \equiv 1 \mod 23 \] - Therefore, \( 11^{25} = 11^{22} \cdot 11^3 \equiv 1 \cdot 11^3 \mod 23 \). - Now calculate \( 11^3 \): \[ 11^2 = 121 \equiv 6 \mod 23 \quad (\text{since } 121 - 5 \cdot 23 = 6) \] \[ 11^3 = 11 \cdot 11^2 = 11 \cdot 6 = 66 \equiv 20 \mod 23 \quad (\text{since } 66 - 2 \cdot 23 = 20) \] 2. **Calculate \( 12^{25} \mod 23 \):** - Again, since \( 12 \) is not divisible by \( 23 \): \[ 12^{22} \equiv 1 \mod 23 \] - Therefore, \( 12^{25} = 12^{22} \cdot 12^3 \equiv 1 \cdot 12^3 \mod 23 \). - Now calculate \( 12^3 \): \[ 12^2 = 144 \equiv 6 \mod 23 \quad (\text{since } 144 - 6 \cdot 23 = 6) \] \[ 12^3 = 12 \cdot 12^2 = 12 \cdot 6 = 72 \equiv 3 \mod 23 \quad (\text{since } 72 - 3 \cdot 23 = 3) \] 3. **Combine the results:** \[ 11^{25} + 12^{25} \equiv 20 + 3 \equiv 23 \equiv 0 \mod 23 \] Thus, \( 11^{25} + 12^{25} \) is divisible by 23. ### Conclusion for Statement 1: **Statement 1 is true.** ### Step 2: Analyze Statement 2 We need to check if \( (a + b)^n \) is divisible by \( (a + b) \) for all \( n \in \mathbb{N} \). 1. **Consider the Binomial Expansion:** \[ (a + b)^n = \sum_{k=0}^{n} \binom{n}{k} a^{n-k} b^k \] - The first term when \( k=0 \) is \( a^n \) and the last term when \( k=n \) is \( b^n \). - The remaining terms involve products of \( a \) and \( b \). 2. **Divisibility Check:** - For \( n=1 \): \[ (a + b)^1 = a + b \] - This is trivially divisible by \( a + b \). - For \( n=2 \): \[ (a + b)^2 = a^2 + 2ab + b^2 \] - This is also divisible by \( a + b \). - However, for odd \( n \), the term \( a^n + b^n \) does not necessarily yield a remainder of zero when divided by \( a + b \). 3. **Counterexample:** - For \( n=3 \): \[ (a + b)^3 = a^3 + 3a^2b + 3ab^2 + b^3 \] - Here, \( a^3 + b^3 \) is not divisible by \( a + b \) unless \( a = -b \). ### Conclusion for Statement 2: **Statement 2 is false.** ### Final Conclusion: - Statement 1 is true. - Statement 2 is false.
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