Which of the following can be termed as osmoconformers?

Options

A. All marine invertebrates
B. Hagfish
C. All fresh water invertebrates
D. Both (1) and (2)

Answer

To determine which of the given options can be termed as osmoconformers, we need to understand the definition and characteristics of osmoconformers.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Osmoconformers**:
- Osmoconformers are organisms that cannot actively regulate their internal osmotic pressure and instead match their body fluid osmolarity to that of their surrounding environment. This is typically seen in marine organisms.

2. **Analyzing the Options**:
- **Option 1: All Marine Invertebrates**:
- Most marine invertebrates are indeed osmoconformers. They maintain osmotic balance by conforming to the osmotic pressure of seawater.
- **Option 2: Hagfish**:
- Hagfish (also known as myxine) are also considered osmoconformers. They have body fluids that are isotonic to seawater, allowing them to survive in marine environments without actively regulating their osmotic conditions.
- **Option 3: All Freshwater Invertebrates**:
- This option is incorrect because not all freshwater invertebrates are osmoconformers. Many freshwater organisms actively regulate their internal osmotic pressure to cope with the hypotonic environment.
- **Option 4: Both 1 and 2**:
- Since both marine invertebrates and hagfish are osmoconformers, this option is correct.

3. **Conclusion**:
- The correct answer is **Both 1 and 2**. This means that all marine invertebrates and hagfish can be termed as osmoconformers.

### Final Answer:
Both 1 and 2 (All marine invertebrates and hagfish) can be termed as osmoconformers.

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