In-situ conservation of natural genetic resources can be achieved by establishing

Options

A. National Parks
B. Wildlife sanctuaries
C. Biosphere reserves
D. All of these

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding In-situ Conservation**: In-situ conservation refers to the conservation of species in their natural habitats. This method helps maintain the ecological processes and genetic diversity of species.

2. **Identifying Conservation Areas**: The question asks about the establishment of areas for in-situ conservation. The options provided are:
- National Parks
- Wildlife Sanctuaries
- Biosphere Reserves

3. **Defining Each Area**:
- **National Parks**: These are protected areas established to conserve wildlife and their habitats. They provide a safe environment for various species and help in preserving biodiversity.
- **Wildlife Sanctuaries**: These are areas designated to protect animals and their habitats. They offer a safe haven for species that may be threatened or endangered.
- **Biosphere Reserves**: These are multipurpose protected areas that aim to conserve biodiversity, promote research, and support sustainable development. They encompass various ecosystems and provide a habitat for numerous species.

4. **Conclusion**: All three options (National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, and Biosphere Reserves) are effective strategies for in-situ conservation of natural genetic resources. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of these."

**Final Answer**: In-situ conservation of natural genetic resources can be achieved by establishing **all of these**: National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, and Biosphere Reserves.

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