The solution which boil at constant temperature like a pure liquid and possess same composition in liquid as well as vapour state are called azeotropes. The components of azetropes cannot be separated by fractional distillation. Only non-ideal solutions form azeotropes. Solutions with negative deviation form maximum boiling azeotrope and the solutions with positive deviation form minimum boiling azeotrope. The boiling point of an azeotrope is never equal to the boiling points of any of the components of the azeotrope.
Answer the following question:
The azeotropic solutions of two miscible liquids
Which among the following combinations is a maximum boiling azeotrope?

Options

A. `H_(2)O + CH_(3)OH`
B. `C Cl_(4) + CHCl_(3)`
C. `(CH_(3))_(2)CO + C_(2)H_(5)OH`
D. `H_(2)O + HNO_(3)`

Answer

To determine which combination of two miscible liquids forms a maximum boiling azeotrope, we need to understand the concept of azeotropes and the behavior of solutions.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Azeotropes**: Azeotropes are mixtures of two or more liquids that boil at a constant temperature and have the same composition in both liquid and vapor phases. They cannot be separated by fractional distillation.

2. **Types of Azeotropes**: There are two types of azeotropes based on the deviation from Raoult's Law:
- **Maximum Boiling Azeotropes**: Formed by solutions that exhibit negative deviation from Raoult's Law. These solutions have a boiling point higher than that of any of the individual components.
- **Minimum Boiling Azeotropes**: Formed by solutions that exhibit positive deviation from Raoult's Law. These solutions have a boiling point lower than that of any of the individual components.

3. **Identifying Maximum Boiling Azeotropes**: To identify a maximum boiling azeotrope, we look for combinations of liquids that show negative deviation. Common examples include:
- Water (H2O) and Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)
- Water (H2O) and Nitric Acid (HNO3)

4. **Analyzing Given Options**: If we have specific combinations to choose from, we need to evaluate each pair based on known azeotropic behavior.

5. **Conclusion**: Among the common combinations, the pair of **Water (H2O) and Nitric Acid (HNO3)** is known to form a maximum boiling azeotrope.

### Final Answer:
The maximum boiling azeotrope among the given combinations is **Water (H2O) and Nitric Acid (HNO3)**.

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