A system of greater disorder of molecules is more probable. The disorder of molecules is reflected by the entropy of the system. A liquid vapourizes to form a more disordered gas. When a solute is present, there is additional contribution to the entropy of the liquid due to increased randomness. As the entropy of solution is higher than that of pure liquid, there is weaker tendency to form the gas. Thus, a solute (non-volatile) lowers the vapour pressure of a liquid, and hence a higher boiling point of the solution.
Similarly, the greater randomness of the solution opposes the tendercy to freeze. In consequence, a lower temperature must be reached for achieving the equilibrium between the solid (frozen solvent) and the solution. The elevation in boiling point `(DeltaT_(b))` and depression in freezing point `(DeltaT_(f))` of a solution are the colligative properties which depend only on the concentration of particles of the solute and not their identity. For dilute solutions, `(DeltaT_(b))` and `(DeltaT_(f))` are proportional to the molarity of the solute in the solution.
Dissolution of a non-volatile solute into a liquid leads to

Options

A. A decrease of entropy
B. An increase in tendency of the liquid to freeze
C. An increases in tendency to pass into the vapour phase
D. A decrease in tendency of the liquid to freeze

Explanation

To solve the question regarding the effects of dissolving a non-volatile solute into a liquid, we can break it down step by step:

### Step 1: Understand the Concept of Entropy
Entropy is a measure of disorder in a system. When a solute is added to a solvent, the overall disorder of the system increases due to the random arrangement of solute and solvent molecules.

**Hint:** Remember that an increase in randomness corresponds to an increase in entropy.

### Step 2: Analyze the Effect of a Non-Volatile Solute
When a non-volatile solute is dissolved in a liquid, it contributes additional randomness to the system. This increased randomness means that the entropy of the solution is higher than that of the pure solvent.

**Hint:** Think about how the presence of solute particles disrupts the orderly arrangement of solvent molecules.

### Step 3: Consider the Vapor Pressure
The presence of a non-volatile solute lowers the vapor pressure of the solvent. This is because the solute particles occupy space at the surface of the liquid, reducing the number of solvent molecules that can escape into the vapor phase.

**Hint:** Recall that a lower vapor pressure means that the liquid is less likely to vaporize.

### Step 4: Evaluate the Freezing Point
The increased randomness from the solute also affects the freezing point of the solution. The greater disorder opposes the tendency of the liquid to freeze, which means that a lower temperature must be reached to achieve equilibrium between the solid and the liquid.

**Hint:** Remember that a decrease in the tendency to freeze means that the freezing point is lowered.

### Step 5: Conclusion
Based on the analysis, when a non-volatile solute is dissolved in a liquid, it leads to a decrease in the tendency of the liquid to freeze. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is that the dissolution of a non-volatile solute into a liquid leads to a decrease in the tendency of the liquid to freeze.

**Final Answer:** The dissolution of a non-volatile solute into a liquid leads to a decrease in the tendency of the liquid to freeze.

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