Hydrogen bomb is based on the principle of

Options

A. Nuclear fission
B. Nuclear fusion
C. Nuclear explosion
D. Chemical reaction

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding the Hydrogen Bomb:**
- The hydrogen bomb, also known as a thermonuclear bomb, is a type of nuclear weapon that releases energy through nuclear fusion.

2. **Principle of Nuclear Fusion:**
- Nuclear fusion is the process where two or more lighter atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus. This process occurs under conditions of extremely high temperature and pressure.

3. **Conditions for Fusion:**
- For nuclear fusion to occur, temperatures must exceed 10 million Kelvin (10^6 K). At these temperatures, the kinetic energy of the nuclei is sufficient to overcome the electrostatic repulsion between them.

4. **Energy Release:**
- The fusion process releases a tremendous amount of energy, which is a result of the mass defect. According to Einstein's equation \(E=mc^2\), the mass lost during the fusion process is converted into energy.

5. **Example Reaction:**
- A common fusion reaction in hydrogen bombs involves the fusion of hydrogen isotopes. For instance, four hydrogen nuclei (\(4 \, ^1H\)) can fuse to form one helium nucleus (\(^4He\)), along with the release of energy and two positrons (\(2 \, ^1e^+\)).

6. **Conclusion:**
- Therefore, the principle on which the hydrogen bomb operates is nuclear fusion.

**Final Answer:**
The hydrogen bomb is based on the principle of **nuclear fusion**.

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