A cyclotron is used to

Options

A. Accelerate neutrons
B. Accelerate electrons
C. Accelerate protons
D. Accelerate `alpha`-particles

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Cyclotron**:
A cyclotron is a type of particle accelerator that is used to accelerate charged particles, such as protons or ions, to high speeds. It operates based on the principle of electromagnetic fields.

2. **Components of a Cyclotron**:
The main components of a cyclotron include:
- Two hollow D-shaped electrodes (also known as "dees") that are placed in a vacuum chamber.
- A magnetic field that is perpendicular to the plane of the dees.
- An alternating voltage source that creates an electric field between the dees.

3. **How It Works**:
- When a charged particle (like a proton) is introduced into the cyclotron, it is initially accelerated by the electric field created by the alternating voltage between the dees.
- As the particle gains energy, it moves in a circular path due to the magnetic field.
- Each time the particle crosses the gap between the dees, it receives an additional boost of energy from the electric field, causing it to spiral outward and increase its speed.

4. **Purpose of a Cyclotron**:
The primary purpose of a cyclotron is to accelerate charged particles to high energies for various applications, including:
- Nuclear physics research.
- Medical applications, such as cancer treatment through proton therapy.
- Production of radioisotopes for medical imaging.

5. **Conclusion**:
In summary, a cyclotron is used to accelerate charged particles, particularly protons, by utilizing high-frequency alternating voltage and magnetic fields to achieve high speeds for various scientific and medical applications.