Without looking at the periodic table, select the elements belonging to same from the following list.

Options

A. `Z = 12, 38, 4, 88`
B. `Z =9,16,3,35`
C. `Z=5,11,27,19`
D. `Z=24,47,42,55`

Explanation

To solve the problem of selecting elements that belong to the same set without looking at the periodic table, we can use the concept of "magic numbers" which represent the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the shells of an atom. The magic numbers are as follows: 2, 8, 8, 18, 18, and 32.

Let's go through the options step by step:

### Step 1: Analyze Option A
1. **List the atomic numbers**: 4, 12, 38, 88.
2. **Arrange in ascending order**: 4, 12, 38, 88.
3. **Determine the periods**:
- Atomic number 4 (Beryllium) belongs to the **2nd period**.
- To find the next period, add 8: 4 + 8 = 12 (Magnesium, 3rd period).
- Next, add 8 again: 12 + 8 = 20 (Calcium, 4th period).
- Next, add 18: 20 + 18 = 38 (Strontium, 5th period).
- Next, add 18: 38 + 18 = 56 (Barium, 6th period).
- Finally, add 32: 56 + 32 = 88 (Radium, 7th period).
4. **Conclusion**: All elements (4, 12, 38, 88) belong to the same set. **Option A is correct.**

### Step 2: Analyze Option B
1. **List the atomic numbers**: 3, 9, 16, 35.
2. **Arrange in ascending order**: 3, 9, 16, 35.
3. **Determine the periods**:
- Atomic number 3 (Lithium) belongs to the **2nd period**.
- Add 8: 3 + 8 = 11 (Sodium, 3rd period).
- Next, add 8: 11 + 8 = 19 (Potassium, 4th period).
- The next number is 16, which does not follow the pattern.
4. **Conclusion**: Not all elements belong to the same set. **Option B is incorrect.**

### Step 3: Analyze Option C
1. **List the atomic numbers**: 5, 11, 19, 27.
2. **Arrange in ascending order**: 5, 11, 19, 27.
3. **Determine the periods**:
- Atomic number 5 (Boron) belongs to the **2nd period**.
- Add 8: 5 + 8 = 13 (Aluminum, 3rd period).
- The next number is 11, which does not follow the pattern.
4. **Conclusion**: Not all elements belong to the same set. **Option C is incorrect.**

### Step 4: Analyze Option D
1. **List the atomic numbers**: 24, 42, 47, 55.
2. **Arrange in ascending order**: 24, 42, 47, 55.
3. **Determine the periods**:
- Atomic number 24 (Chromium) belongs to the **4th period**.
- Add 18: 24 + 18 = 42 (Molybdenum, 5th period).
- Next, add 18: 42 + 18 = 60 (Neodymium, 6th period).
- The next number is 47, which does not follow the pattern.
4. **Conclusion**: Not all elements belong to the same set. **Option D is incorrect.**

### Final Conclusion
The only correct option is **Option A** (4, 12, 38, 88), as all these elements belong to the same set based on the magic numbers.