In which pair of species both species do have the similar geometry ? .

Options

A. `CO_(2),SO_(2)`
B. `NH_(3),BH_(3)`
C. `CO_(3)^(2-),NO_(2)^(-)`
D. `SO_(4)^(2-),CIO_(4)^(Θ)`

Explanation

To determine which pair of species has similar geometry, we need to analyze the hybridization and the presence of lone pairs in each species. Let's break down the solution step by step.

### Step 1: Identify the species and their hybridization

1. **CO2**:
- Valence electrons of Carbon = 4
- No monovalent atoms (Oxygen is bivalent)
- No charge
- Steric number = (4 + 0 - 0 + 0) / 2 = 2
- Hybridization = sp

2. **SO2**:
- Valence electrons of Sulfur = 6
- No monovalent atoms
- No charge
- Steric number = (6 + 0 - 0 + 0) / 2 = 3
- Hybridization = sp²

3. **NH3**:
- Valence electrons of Nitrogen = 5
- Three monovalent Hydrogen atoms
- No charge
- Steric number = (5 + 3 - 0 + 0) / 2 = 4
- Hybridization = sp³

4. **BH3**:
- Valence electrons of Boron = 3
- Three monovalent Hydrogen atoms
- No charge
- Steric number = (3 + 3 - 0 + 0) / 2 = 3
- Hybridization = sp²

5. **CO3²-**:
- Valence electrons of Carbon = 4
- No monovalent atoms
- Anionic charge = 2
- Steric number = (4 + 0 - 0 + 2) / 2 = 3
- Hybridization = sp²

6. **NO2-**:
- Valence electrons of Nitrogen = 5
- No monovalent atoms
- Anionic charge = 1
- Steric number = (5 + 0 - 0 + 1) / 2 = 3
- Hybridization = sp²

7. **SO4²-**:
- Valence electrons of Sulfur = 6
- No monovalent atoms
- Anionic charge = 2
- Steric number = (6 + 0 - 0 + 2) / 2 = 4
- Hybridization = sp³

8. **ClO4-**:
- Valence electrons of Chlorine = 7
- No monovalent atoms
- Anionic charge = 1
- Steric number = (7 + 0 - 0 + 1) / 2 = 4
- Hybridization = sp³

### Step 2: Compare the hybridization and lone pairs

- **CO2** (sp) and **SO2** (sp²): Different hybridization, different geometry.
- **NH3** (sp³) and **BH3** (sp²): Different hybridization, different geometry.
- **CO3²-** (sp²) and **NO2-** (sp²): Same hybridization but different lone pairs (CO3²- has 0 lone pairs, NO2- has 1 lone pair), different geometry.
- **SO4²-** (sp³) and **ClO4-** (sp³): Same hybridization and both have 0 lone pairs, therefore they have the same geometry.

### Conclusion

The pair of species that have similar geometry is **SO4²-** and **ClO4-**. Both have tetrahedral geometry.