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How many of the following oxides of nitr...

How many of the following oxides of nitrogen are paramangnetic ?
(i) `N_(2)O` (ii) `NO` (iii) `N_(2)O_(3)` (iv) `NO_(2)`
(v) `N_(2)O_(4)` (vi) `N_(2)O_(5)` (vii) `NO_(2)^(o+)` (viii) `NO_(2)^(Theta)`
(ix) `NO_(3)^(Theta)` .

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To determine how many of the given oxides of nitrogen are paramagnetic, we need to check for unpaired electrons in each oxide. A compound is paramagnetic if it has unpaired electrons and diamagnetic if all electrons are paired. ### Step-by-Step Solution: 1. **Identify the Oxides and Their Valence Electrons:** - (i) **N₂O**: - Nitrogen (N) has 5 valence electrons, and there are 2 nitrogen atoms: \(2 \times 5 = 10\). - Oxygen (O) has 6 valence electrons: \(1 \times 6 = 6\). - Total = \(10 + 6 = 16\) (even, not paramagnetic). - (ii) **NO**: - Nitrogen (N) has 5 valence electrons: \(1 \times 5 = 5\). - Oxygen (O) has 6 valence electrons: \(1 \times 6 = 6\). - Total = \(5 + 6 = 11\) (odd, paramagnetic). - (iii) **N₂O₃**: - Nitrogen (N) has 5 valence electrons, and there are 2 nitrogen atoms: \(2 \times 5 = 10\). - Oxygen (O) has 6 valence electrons, and there are 3 oxygen atoms: \(3 \times 6 = 18\). - Total = \(10 + 18 = 28\) (even, not paramagnetic). - (iv) **NO₂**: - Nitrogen (N) has 5 valence electrons: \(1 \times 5 = 5\). - Oxygen (O) has 6 valence electrons, and there are 2 oxygen atoms: \(2 \times 6 = 12\). - Total = \(5 + 12 = 17\) (odd, paramagnetic). - (v) **N₂O₄**: - Nitrogen (N) has 5 valence electrons, and there are 2 nitrogen atoms: \(2 \times 5 = 10\). - Oxygen (O) has 6 valence electrons, and there are 4 oxygen atoms: \(4 \times 6 = 24\). - Total = \(10 + 24 = 34\) (even, not paramagnetic). - (vi) **N₂O₅**: - Nitrogen (N) has 5 valence electrons, and there are 2 nitrogen atoms: \(2 \times 5 = 10\). - Oxygen (O) has 6 valence electrons, and there are 5 oxygen atoms: \(5 \times 6 = 30\). - Total = \(10 + 30 = 40\) (even, not paramagnetic). - (vii) **NO₂⁺**: - Nitrogen (N) has 5 valence electrons: \(1 \times 5 = 5\). - Oxygen (O) has 6 valence electrons, and there are 2 oxygen atoms: \(2 \times 6 = 12\). - Positive charge means we subtract 1 electron: \(5 + 12 - 1 = 16\) (even, not paramagnetic). - (viii) **NO₂⁻**: - Nitrogen (N) has 5 valence electrons: \(1 \times 5 = 5\). - Oxygen (O) has 6 valence electrons, and there are 2 oxygen atoms: \(2 \times 6 = 12\). - Negative charge means we add 1 electron: \(5 + 12 + 1 = 18\) (even, not paramagnetic). - (ix) **NO₃⁻**: - Nitrogen (N) has 5 valence electrons: \(1 \times 5 = 5\). - Oxygen (O) has 6 valence electrons, and there are 3 oxygen atoms: \(3 \times 6 = 18\). - Negative charge means we add 1 electron: \(5 + 18 + 1 = 24\) (even, not paramagnetic). 2. **Count the Paramagnetic Oxides:** - From the analysis, the paramagnetic oxides are: - (ii) NO - (iv) NO₂ Thus, there are **2 paramagnetic oxides** among the given options. ### Final Answer: **2**
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