Both temporary and permanent hardness is removed on boiling with

Options

A. `Ca(OH)_(2)`
B. `Na_(2)CO_(3)`
C. `CaCO_(3)`
D. `CaO`

Explanation

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Temporary Hardness:**
- Temporary hardness is primarily caused by the presence of bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium (e.g., Ca(HCO3)2).
- When water containing temporary hardness is boiled, the bicarbonates decompose to form insoluble carbonates.

2. **Reaction for Temporary Hardness:**
- The reaction can be represented as:
\[ \text{Ca(HCO}_3\text{)}_2 \text{ (aq)} \xrightarrow{\text{boiling}} \text{CaCO}_3 \text{ (s)} + \text{CO}_2 \text{ (g)} + \text{H}_2\text{O (l)} \]
- Here, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitates out, effectively removing temporary hardness.

3. **Understanding Permanent Hardness:**
- Permanent hardness is due to the presence of soluble salts like chlorides and sulfates of calcium and magnesium (e.g., CaCl2).
- This type of hardness cannot be removed by boiling alone but can be treated with sodium carbonate (Na2CO3).

4. **Reaction for Permanent Hardness:**
- The reaction for removing permanent hardness can be represented as:
\[ \text{CaCl}_2 \text{ (aq)} + \text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3 \text{ (aq)} \rightarrow \text{CaCO}_3 \text{ (s)} + 2 \text{NaCl (aq)} \]
- In this reaction, calcium carbonate precipitates out, which removes the permanent hardness.

5. **Conclusion:**
- Both types of hardness can be effectively removed by using sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) in the case of permanent hardness and boiling for temporary hardness.
- Therefore, the answer to the question is that both temporary and permanent hardness is removed on boiling with sodium carbonate (Na2CO3).

**Final Answer:**
Both temporary and permanent hardness is removed on boiling with sodium carbonate (Na2CO3).

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