Assertion (A): Ether can exteract LiCI form a mixture of LiCI, NaCI and KCI.
Reason (R ): LiCI is covalent whereas NaCI and KCI are ionic in nature.

Options

A. If both (A) and (R ) are correct and (R ) is the correct explanation of (A).
B. If both (A) and (R ) are correct, but (R ) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C. If (A) is correct, but (R ) is incorrect.
D. If (A) is incorrect, but (R ) is correct.

Answer

To analyze the given assertion and reason, we will break down the information step by step.

### Step 1: Understanding the Assertion
The assertion states that ether can extract LiCl from a mixture of LiCl, NaCl, and KCl.

**Hint:** Consider the properties of ether and the nature of the compounds involved.

### Step 2: Analyzing the Components
We have three compounds: LiCl, NaCl, and KCl.
- LiCl contains the cation Li⁺ and the anion Cl⁻.
- NaCl contains the cation Na⁺ and the anion Cl⁻.
- KCl contains the cation K⁺ and the anion Cl⁻.

**Hint:** Think about the size of the cations and how it affects their properties.

### Step 3: Cation Size and Polarizing Power
As we move down the group in the periodic table, the size of the cations increases.
- Li⁺ is smaller than Na⁺ and K⁺.
- According to Fajan's rule, smaller cations have a higher polarizing power, which leads to a higher covalent character in their compounds.

**Hint:** Recall how cation size influences the nature of the bond (ionic vs covalent).

### Step 4: Nature of the Compounds
- LiCl is primarily covalent due to the small size of Li⁺, which allows it to polarize the electron cloud of Cl⁻ effectively.
- NaCl and KCl are predominantly ionic because their larger cations (Na⁺ and K⁺) do not polarize the electron cloud of Cl⁻ as effectively.

**Hint:** Identify the characteristics that define covalent and ionic compounds.

### Step 5: Role of Ether
Ether is a nonpolar solvent. The principle "like dissolves like" applies here:
- Nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar compounds, while polar solvents dissolve polar compounds.
- Since LiCl is covalent (nonpolar) and NaCl and KCl are ionic (polar), ether can extract LiCl from the mixture.

**Hint:** Consider the solubility rules based on polarity.

### Step 6: Evaluating the Reason
The reason states that LiCl is covalent whereas NaCl and KCl are ionic in nature. This statement is true and supports the assertion that ether can extract LiCl.

**Hint:** Check if the reason logically explains the assertion.

### Conclusion
Both the assertion and the reason are correct, and the reason correctly explains the assertion.

**Final Answer:** Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A.