Ammonia is.

Options

A. Lewis base
B. Polar solvent
C. Non-polar
D. Paramagnetic

Answer

**Step-by-Step Text Solution:**

1. **Identify the Chemical Formula of Ammonia:**
Ammonia is represented by the chemical formula NH₃.

2. **Analyze the Structure of Ammonia:**
In NH₃, nitrogen (N) is bonded to three hydrogen (H) atoms. Nitrogen has five valence electrons, and it forms three covalent bonds with the hydrogen atoms, utilizing three of its valence electrons. This leaves one lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom.

3. **Determine if Ammonia is a Lewis Base:**
A Lewis base is defined as a substance that can donate a pair of electrons. Since ammonia has a lone pair of electrons on nitrogen, it can donate this pair, making it a Lewis base.

4. **Examine Ammonia as a Polar Solvent:**
Ammonia is a polar molecule due to the difference in electronegativity between nitrogen and hydrogen. Nitrogen is more electronegative than hydrogen, resulting in a partial negative charge (δ-) on nitrogen and partial positive charges (δ+) on the hydrogen atoms. This polarity allows ammonia to act as a polar solvent.

5. **Evaluate Ammonia for Non-Polarity:**
Since ammonia has a significant dipole moment due to its polar nature, it cannot be classified as non-polar. Therefore, this option is incorrect.

6. **Assess Ammonia for Paramagnetism:**
Paramagnetism refers to the presence of unpaired electrons in a substance. In ammonia (NH₃), all electrons are paired in the bonding configuration, meaning it does not exhibit paramagnetism. Instead, it is diamagnetic.

7. **Conclusion:**
Based on the analysis:
- Ammonia is a Lewis base (Option 1).
- Ammonia can act as a polar solvent (Option 2).
- It is not non-polar (Option 3).
- It is not paramagnetic (Option 4).
Therefore, the correct answers are Option 1 and Option 2.