Bleaching power is a mixed salt of hydrochloric acid and hypochlorious acid. It has the formula, `CaOCI_(2).H_(2)O`. It is manuafactured by the action of chlorine on dry slaked lime at `40^(@)C`. There is also a view that bleaching power is a mixture `[Ca(OCI)_(2)+CaCI_(2).Ca(OH)_(2).H_(2)O]`. The amount of chlorine obtained form a sample of bleching power by the treatement with excess of dilute acids or `CO_(2)` is called a available chlorine. A good sample of bleaching power constains `35-38%` of available chlorine. On long standing, it undergoes auto-oxidation and the amount of acvailable chlorine decreases. The estimation of available chlorine is done volumetrically by (a) iodometric method or by (b) aresenite method. In textile industry, the cotton cloth is mainly bleached with the help of bleaching power.
Maximum percentage og available chlorine on the basis of `CaOCI_(2).H_(2)O` formula is

Options

A. 35
B. 40
C. 45
D. 49

Explanation

To find the maximum percentage of available chlorine in bleaching powder (Ca(OCl)₂·H₂O), we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Understand the composition of bleaching powder
Bleaching powder has the formula Ca(OCl)₂·H₂O. This means it contains calcium hypochlorite and water. Each mole of bleaching powder releases one mole of chlorine gas (Cl₂) when reacted.

### Step 2: Calculate the molar mass of bleaching powder
To find the molar mass of Ca(OCl)₂·H₂O, we need to sum the atomic masses of its components:
- Calcium (Ca): 40.08 g/mol
- Oxygen (O): 16.00 g/mol (there are 3 O atoms in Ca(OCl)₂·H₂O)
- Chlorine (Cl): 35.45 g/mol (there are 2 Cl atoms in Ca(OCl)₂)

Calculating the molar mass:
- Ca: 40.08 g/mol
- O: 16.00 g/mol × 3 = 48.00 g/mol
- Cl: 35.45 g/mol × 2 = 70.90 g/mol
- H₂O: 18.02 g/mol

Total molar mass = 40.08 + 48.00 + 70.90 + 18.02 = 176.00 g/mol

### Step 3: Calculate the mass of available chlorine
From the reaction, we know that 1 mole of Ca(OCl)₂·H₂O produces 1 mole of Cl₂. The molar mass of Cl₂ is:
- Cl₂: 35.45 g/mol × 2 = 70.90 g/mol

### Step 4: Calculate the percentage of available chlorine
To find the percentage of available chlorine in bleaching powder, we use the formula:
\[ \text{Percentage of available chlorine} = \left( \frac{\text{mass of Cl₂}}{\text{mass of bleaching powder}} \right) \times 100 \]
Substituting the values:
\[ \text{Percentage of available chlorine} = \left( \frac{70.90}{176.00} \right) \times 100 \approx 40.23\% \]

### Step 5: Conclusion
The maximum percentage of available chlorine based on the formula Ca(OCl)₂·H₂O is approximately 40.23%.

### Final Answer
The maximum percentage of available chlorine in bleaching powder is approximately **40.23%**.

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