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(a) Define dielectric constant. (b) Ho...

(a) Define dielectric constant.
(b) How does dielectric constant affect `SN^1` rates ?
(c) Explain why solvolyses are much faster in `EtOH` than in acetone even though both solvents have the same dielectric constants.

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(a) The dielectric constant determines the ability of a solvent to reduce the electrostatic attraction between the oppositiviely charged ions. With high `D.C` ., there is less ion pairing.
(b) `SN^1` reactions require the ionisation of a convalent bond which is favoured by solvent with high `D.C`
(c) In addition to its `D.C` ., the ability to form H-bonds with `X` makes `EtOH` the better `SN^1` solvent than acetone which cannot form H-bonds.
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