Distinguish between the following pairs:
a. (I) `PhOH` (II) `PhNH_(2)`
b. (I) `PhOMe` (II) `PhCH_(2)OH`

Explanation

a. (I) (phenol) is scidic in nature and so dissolves in NaOH, whereas (II) (aniline) is basic in nature and dissolvers in HCI.
b. (II) (benzyl alcohol, `1^(@)ROH`) is oxidised by `Cr_(2)O_(7)^(2-)` and the colour chages form orange to green, whereas (I) (anisole, an ether) does not react.
c. (I) (2,4,6-trinitrophenol or picric acid) is much more acidic, dissolves in aqueeous `NaHCO_(3)` but (II) (2,4,6-ttrimethyl phenol), much less acidc, does not dissolve.
d. (I) (salicylic acid) has a free phenolic (OH) and gives intense colour with neutral `FeCI_(3)`, whereas (II) (acetyl salicylic acid or aspirin) does not give this test.
e. (I) (ethyl salicylate) has a free phenolic (OH) and gives intense colour with neutral `FeCI_(3)` and dissolves not.
f. (II) (p-cresol) is soluble in NaOH and also gives deep colour with netural `FeCI_(3)`, where (I) (anisole, an ether) does not dissolve.