How will you convert ethnal into the following compounds ?
i. Butane-1,3-idol , ii. But-2-enal
iii. But-2-enoic acid

Explanation

To convert ethanol (C2H5OH) into the specified compounds, we can follow these steps:

### i. Conversion of Ethanol to Butane-1,3-diol

1. **Aldol Condensation**: Start with two moles of ethanol (C2H5OH). Under basic conditions (using dilute NaOH), ethanol undergoes aldol condensation.
\[ 2 \text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH} \xrightarrow{\text{dil. NaOH}} \text{CH}_3\text{CH(OH)CH}_2\text{CHO} \quad (\text{3-hydroxybutanal}) \]
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